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Background: The environment where we humans live provides the fundamental requirements we need to survive – food to eat, water to drink, and air to breathe. The quality of these elements has a major impact on human health, as they can contain substances that are detrimental to health. These we call environmental pollutants. This thesis explores the effects of exposure to air pollutants in particul
Borderline interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) results (near the cut-off level 0.35 IU/ml) occur in QuantiFERON (QFT) assays. We investigated the performance of alternative biomarkers for classification of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) status in pregnant women with borderline QFT IFN-γ responses. Pregnant women (n = 96) were identified from a cohort study in Ethiopia, based on QFT-Plus IFN-γ results (
The averted cumulative lifetime attributable risk (LAR), the residual dose and highest ground deposition of 137Cs complying with a reference dose level of 20 mSv yr-1 to an individual returning after one year to an area contaminated by unfiltered releases of fission products from a nuclear power plant (NPP) were evaluated by applying an existing exposure model designed to compute age- and gender-d
Background Genome-wide association studies have identified >1000 genetic variants cross-sectionally associated with blood pressure variation and prevalent hypertension. These discoveries might aid the early identification of subpopulations at risk of developing hypertension or provide targets for drug development, amongst other applications. The aim of the present study was to analyze the associat
Streams of stars from captured dwarf galaxies and dissolved globular clusters are identifiable through the similarity of their orbital parameters, a fact that remains true long after the streams have dispersed spatially. We calculate the integrals of motion for 31 234 stars, to a distance of 4 kpc from the Sun, which have full and accurate 6D phase space positions in the Gaia DR2 catalogue. We the
RATIONALE: The alarmin S100A9 has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in myocardial infarction. Short-term S100A9 blockade during the inflammatory phase post-myocardial infarction inhibits systemic and cardiac inflammation and improves cardiac function long term. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of S100A9 blockade on postischemic cardiac repair. METHODS AND RESULTS: We assessed card
BACKGROUND: A comprehensive overview of treatments of common fractures is missing, although it would be important for shared decision-making in clinical practice. The aim was to determine benefits and harms of surgical compared to non-surgical treatments for traumatic skeletal fractures. METHODS: We searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and CENTRAL until November 2018, for randomized t
Inorganic perovskites display an enticing foreground for their wide range of optoelectronic applications. Recently, supercrystals (SCs) of inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have been reported to possess highly ordered structure as well as novel collective optical properties, opening new opportunities for efficient films. Here, we report the large-scale assembly control of spherical, cubic, a
Factor I (FI) is one of the main inhibitors of complement activity, and numerous rare coding variants have been reported in patients with age-related macular degeneration, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and C3 glomerulopathy. Since many of these variants are of unknown clinical significance, this study aimed to determine the effect of rare coding variants in the complement factor I (CFI) gene
As the hardest tissue formed by vertebrates, enamel represents nature's engineering masterpiece with complex organizations of fibrous apatite crystals at the nanometer scale. Supramolecular assemblies of enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) play a key role as the structural scaffolds for regulating mineral morphology during enamel development. However, to achieve maximum tissue hardness, most organic con
Acute leukemia refers to a group of aggressive hematological malignancies of myeloid and lymphoid lineages termed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) respectively. Acute leukemia is characterized by the presence of underlying genetic aberrations which alter the biology of normal hematopoietic cells resulting in the accumulation of immature abnormally differentiated blast
The foundations of silk spinning, the structure, storage, and activation of silk proteins, remain highly debated. By combining solution small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering (SANS and SAXS) alongside circular dichroism (CD), we reveal a shape anisotropy of the four principal native spider silk feedstocks from Nephila edulis. We show that these proteins behave in solution like elongated semiflex
Oxidative stress is associated with many renal disorders, both acute and chronic, and has also been described to contribute to the disease progression. Therefore, oxidative stress is a potential therapeutic target. The human antioxidant α1-microglobulin (A1M) is a plasma and tissue protein with heme-binding, radical-scavenging and reductase activities. A1M can be internalized by cells, localized t
Human cystatin C (HCC), a cysteine-protease inhibitor, exists as a folded monomer under physiological conditions but has the ability to self-assemble via domain swapping into multimeric states, including oligomers with a doughnut-like structure. The structure of the monomeric HCC has been solved by X-ray crystallography, and a covalently linked version of HCC (stab-1 HCC) is able to form stable ol
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether exposure to cardiovascular medications and statins is associated with increased risk of giant cell arteritis (GCA). DESIGN: The population-based case-control study comprised a cohort of patients with biopsy-confirmed GCA linked to the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register to identify all exposure to drugs prior to diagnosis of GCA. Ten controls per GCA case, matched for
Vertical III-V nanowire MOSFETs have demonstrated excellent performance including high transconductance and high Ion. One main bottleneck for the vertical MOSFETs is the large access resistance arising from the contacts and ungated regions. We demonstrate a process to reduce the access resistance by combining a gate-last process with ALD gate-metal deposition. The devices demonstrate fully scalabl
Sorted L-One Penalized Estimator (SLOPE) is a relatively new convex optimization procedure for selecting predictors in high dimensional regression analyses. SLOPE extends LASSO by replacing the L1 penalty norm with a Sorted L1 norm, based on the non-increasing sequence of tuning parameters. This allows SLOPE to adapt to unknown sparsity and achieve an asymptotic minimax convergency rate under a wi
Two new bands have been identified in 137Nd from a high-statistics JUROGAM II gamma-ray spectroscopy experiment. Constrained density functional theory and particle rotor model calculations are used to assign configurations and investigate the band properties, which are well described and understood. It is demonstrated that these two new bands can be interpreted as chiral partners of previously kno
