Dolphin echolocation clicks measured far off-axis contain two time-separated components. Whether these components overlap and appear as a single signal on axis has received little attention. Here, the scaled reassigned spectrogram analysis was used to examine if bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) clicks measured near- or on-axis of the echolocation beam contained overlapping components. Acros

We apply multichannel-quantum-defect theory (MQDT) to multiphoton ionization of rare gases in lowest-order perturbation theory. We determine MQDT parameters of J=1,3 odd-parity states, J=0,2 even-parity states in xenon and krypton by fitting experimental energy levels and constructing Lu-Fano plots. We present calculations of two- and three-photon ionization of xenon and krypton in the autoionizat

Multiphoton ionisation of He at 532 nm is investigated at about 1013 W cm-2 by measuring both electron energy distribution, and the laser intensity dependence of the production of He+ and He2+ ions. He2+ ions solely come from multiphoton ionisation of He+ ions.

A retarding-potential method has been used to analyse the energy of electrons produced in the process of generating singly and doubly charged ions in Xe and Ne at 532 and 1064 nm. Energetic electrons observed in Xe at 1064 nm imply that up to 30 photons have been absorbed in the ionisation process, while only 11 photons are necessary to release one electron. The laser intensity dependence of energ

Motivation: Human pluripotent stem cell lines persist in culture as a heterogeneous population of SSEA3 positive and SSEA3 negative cells. Tracking individual stem cells in real time can elucidate the kinetics of cells switching between the SSEA3 positive and negative substates. However, identifying a cell's substate at all time points within a cell lineage tree is technically difficult. Results:

The crystalline structure of lead oxides is rewieved. In the framework of LUC‐CNDO computational scheme the electronic structure of PbO, PbO2, Pb2O3, and Pb3O4 crystals is investigated. The results obtained are compared with experimental data.

A new quantum-chemical definition is given of the full atomic valence taking into account both the covalent and ionic parts of the chemical bonds formed by an atom in molecules and crystals. Full valence is close to formal ("classical") valence of an atom in a wide row of compounds. The theoretical consideration and the CNDO calculations of molecules and crystals are made to justify the validity o