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Tri-trophic effect on predator feeding: consumption by the carabid Harpalus affinis of Heliothis armigera caterpillars fed on proteinase inhibitor-containing diet

During the breeding of our major crop plants for high yield and edibility, several desirable traits, including resistance to pest insects, have been lost (Gatehouse et al., 1991). Genetic engineering is now vigorously seeking to reinsert such genes into crop plants, making them toxic or less palatable for herbivorous pests. One class of inhibitors under study are protease/proteinase inhibitors. Th

Electrochemical switching of the flavoprotein dodecin at gold surfaces modified by flavin-DNA hybrid linkers

Dodecin from Halobacterium salinarum is a dodecameric, hollow-spherical protein, which unspecifically adopts flavin molecules. Reduction of flavin dodecin holocomplexes induces dissociation into apododecin and free flavin. Unspecific binding and dissociation upon reduction were used as key properties to construct an electrochemically switchable surface, which was able to bind and release dodecin a

Generation of molecular recognition sites in electrospun polymer nanofibers via molecular imprinting

A simple method for the formation of molecular recognition sites in polymer nanofibers was developed. Electrospun nanofibers were prepared from a Solution mixture of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polyallylamine in the presence of a template molecule, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The polyamine was used to provide functional groups that interact with the template during the elect

A sequential logic device realized by integration of in-plane gate transistors in InGaAs/InP

An integrated nanoelectronic circuit is fabricated from a high-mobility In0.75Ga0.25As/InP heterostructure. The manufactured device comprises two double in-plane gate transistors with a current channel of 1.1 mu m in length and 100 nm in width. The two transistors are coupled to each other in a configuration that the source of one transistor is directly connected with one in-plane gate of the othe

Palaeomagnetic intensity data: An Achilles heel of solar activity reconstructions

Reconstructions of solar activity prior to AD1600 rely on estimates of the past production rates of cosmogenic radionuclides in the Earth’s atmosphere. These rates are modulated by the strength of the solar magnetic field and the intensity of the Earth’s geomagnetic dipole. One of the largest uncertainties associated with these reconstructions originates from palaeointensity data and to show how e

Epithelial and ectomesenchymal role of the type I TGF-beta receptor ALK5 during facial morphogenesis and palatal fusion

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) proteins play important roles in morphogenesis of many cramofacial tissues; however, detailed biological mechanisms of TGF-beta action, particularly in vivo, are still poorly understood. Here, we deleted the TGF-beta type I receptor gene Alk5 specifically in the embryonic ectodermal and neural crest cell lineages. Failure in signaling via this receptor, e

Signaling to localized degranulation in neutrophils adherent to immune complexes.

The present study demonstrates that the secretion of azurophilic granules occurring during Fc receptor-mediated attachment and spreading of neutrophils is highly localized to the adhering region of the cell. In contrast, the secretion of specific granules occurs in a nonpolarized way. This implies that unique signals are involved in the regulation of azurophilic degranulation. Assembly of actin fi

Conodont biostratigraphy and sedimentary history in the upper Tremadoc at Uuga, Cape Pakri, NW Estonia

The upper Tremadocian boundary beds at Cape Pakri, NW Estonia, consist of an extremely friable glauconitic sandstone, which presents a challenge to detailed biostratigraphy. A combination of sedimentological and biostratigraphical criteria has served to clarify the tempo and mode of the processes that formed the sandstone and explain its relationships to strata immediately below and above it. Apat

The ward atmosphere of a psychiatric day care unit on the basis of occupational therapy: Characteristics and development during a 5-year period

As part of a process-outcome study the development of the ward atmosphere over 5 years in a psychiatric day care unit on the basis of occupational therapy was investigated. The Community Oriented Programs Environment Scale (COPES) was administered to patients -about equal numbers of psychotic and non-psychotic—and staff on ten occasions, covering three phases. The ward atmosphere was distinguished

Is there a relationship between fibromyalgia syndrome and work conditions?

Objectives: This Study examines the initial course of the fibronlyalgia syndrome [FMS] and the influence of physical and psychosocial work-place factors on developing FMS. Methods: Patients with FMS were recruited to participate in a structured interview about pain and physical and psychosocial load. In addition, they participated in a clinical examination. Physical load in occupational life was a

The resting metabolic cost of egg laying and nestling feeding in great tits

To estimate the metabolic costs of regrowth of reproductive organs and formation of eggs, we compared the resting metabolic rate (RMR) of female great tits (Parus major) during the periods of ovarian recrudescence, egg laying, nestling feeding and during winter. We found RMR of individual females, as measured in an open circuit respirometer during night, to be significantly higher during all the b

Mechanism of mesoporous silica formation. A time-resolved NMR and TEM study of silica-block copolymer aggregation

The dynamics of the synthesis of a mesoporous silica material SBA-15 is followed using time-resolved in situ H-1 NMR and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Block copolymer-silica particles of two-dimensional hexagonal symmetry evolve from an initially micellar solution. The synthesis was carried out with the block copolymer Pluronic P123 (EO20-PO70-EO20) at 35 degreesC and using tetramethyl o

Vortices and hysteresis in a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate with anharmonic confinement

We examine an effectively repulsive Bose-Einstein condensate of atoms that rotates in a quadratic-plus-quartic trapping potential. We investigate the phase diagram of the system as a function of the angular frequency of rotation and of the coupling constant, demonstrating that there are phase transitions between multiply and singly quantized vortex states. We also show that states of different cir

Detecting environmental change in estuaries: Nutrient and heavy metal distributions in sediment cores in estuaries from the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea

Historical sediment nutrient concentrations and heavy metal distributions were studied in four estuaries in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea to examine the response of these estuaries to temporal changes in human activities. Cores were collected using a 1-m Mackereth corer and dated using Pb-210 and (CS)-C-137. The cores were analyzed for total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP

Location of Two Seams in the Proximity of the C-2v pi pi Minimum Energy Path of Formaldehyde

Photochemical reactions rationalization is a key aspect for the understanding and setup of novel experiment and novel photoinitiated pathways. In this respect, the relationship between minimum energy paths over an excited-state and the intersection to lower potential energy surfaces is fundamental. In order to help the understanding of this relationship, in this study we present a novel kind of co

Bilateral and multifocal breast carcinoma. A clinical and autopsy study with special emphasis on carcinoma in situ

Bilateral clinical breast carcinoma has been reported to appear in up to approximately 10% of patients with breast carcinoma. Increasing diagnostic activity has raised figures of bilaterality, mainly due to detection of lesions of the in situ type. Knowledge of the natural history of carcinoma in situ is incomplete and clinical implications are uncertain. In the present study bilateral lesions wer

Biliodigestive shunt evokes hyperCCKemia and trophic effects in the rat pancreas, but not in the liver or gastrointestinal tract

The influence of bile on the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) and, thereby, on the regulation of exocrine pancreatic function and growth is unsettled. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of long-term diversion of bile from the upper small intestine on CCK release and on the pancreas, liver, and gastrointestinal tract. A surgical biliodigestive shunt was performed in rats, diverting t

Social services provided for physically abused children in Sweden: background factors and interventions

This study aims at describing and analysing what kinds of social services are provided for physically abused children in Sweden. The social services files were examined for 113 children under 15 years of age (67 boys and 46 girls) who had been reported to the police as having been physically abused by a parent or equivalent caretaker in a particular police district. The children's social services

Characteristics of Welding Fume Aerosol Investigated in Three Swedish Workshops

Potentially high human exposures to nanometer sized airborne particles occur due to welding and other thermal processes in industrial environments. Detailed field measurements of physical and chemical particle characteristics were performed in three work-shops in Sweden. Measurements were performed both in the plume 5-20 cm above the welding point and in the background air (more than 5 m away from

Phase behavior and ion conductivity of electrolytes based on aggregating combshaped polyethers

The influence of temperature and salt concentration on the properties of solid polymer electrolytes based on lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) complexed by combshaped polyethers has been studied. The combshaped polyethers consisted of styrenic backbone polymers carrying pendant poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) or poly(ethylene oxide-co-propylene oxide) (PEOPO) side chains terminated by