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This paper concerns an experimental investigation of the flow around and pressure forces on fixed (non-vibrating) rectangular cylinders at angles of attack 0° - 90°. Pressure forces and moments for cylinders with side ratios B / A = 1, 1.62, 2.5 and 3 (shortest side A = 20 ram) were estimated from measurements of static pressure distributions at mid-span. Wake frequencies and associated Strouhal n
The investigation is concentrated on two important quantities – the Strouhal number and the mean base suction coefficient, both measured at the mid-span position. Reynolds numbers from about 50 to 4 × 104 were investigated. Different aspect ratios, at low blockage ratios, were achieved by varying the distance between circular end plates (end plate diameter ratios between 10 and 30). It was not pos
The flow around a smooth and rigid tube (circular cylinder) in cross flow has been investigated experimentally. The experiments were carried out in a closed-circuit low-speed wind tunnel. Two test tubes (diameters 41 and 120 mm, respectively) fitted with end plates were used. The fluctuating pressures on the tube surface were sensed by microphones in pinhole arrangements while the modulus of the s
An experimental investigation of surface pressure distributions (mean and r.m.s.) on two tubes (circular cylinders) mounted in an in-line or tandem arrangement was carried out in a low-speed, closed-circuit wind tunnel. The measurements were mainly performed at a subcritical Reynolds number, Re = 2·0 × 104, at three different turbulence intensities of the approaching cross-flow (0·1, 1·4 and 3·2%)
Calculations of unsteady two-dimensional-flow around rectangular cylinders at incidence are presented. The Reynolds numbers are low ( ⩽ 200), so that the flow presumably is laminar. The results are in reasonable agreement with the indeed scarce experimental data available at these low Reynolds numbers. An incompressible SIMPLEC code is used employing non-staggered grid arrangement. A third-order Q
Calculations of unsteady 2D flow around a square cylinder at incidence (α=0°−45°) are presented. The Reynolds numbers are low (Re=45–200) so that the flow is presumably laminar. A von Kármán vortex sheet is predicted behind the cylinders with a periodicity which agrees well with experiments. An incompressible SIMPLEC code is used with a non-staggered grid arrangement. A third-order QUICK scheme is
Direct numerical simulations of two-dimensional (2D) and 3-D unsteady flow around a square cylinder for moderate Reynolds numbers (Re=150–500) are performed, employing an implicit fractional step method finite-volume code with second-order accuracy in space and time. The simulations, which are carried out with a blockage ratio of 5.6%, indicate a transition from 2-D to 3-D shedding flow between Re
Large eddy simulation of flow past a rigid prism of a square cross section with one side facing the oncoming flow at Re=2.2×104 is performed. An incompressible code is used employing an implicit fractional step method finite volume with second-order accuracy in space and time. Three different subgrid scale models: the Smagorinsky, the standard dynamic, and a dynamic one-equation model, are applied
Despite the impact of water penetration on the performance of building envelopes, no general agreement is available on implementing water penetration due to wind-driven rain (WDR) in hygrothermal and moisture safety analyses. This study proposes a novel criterion for water penetration in clay brick masonry that depends on the water content level of masonry. An experimental campaign investigating w
Abstract in PolishW czasie europejskiego kryzysu migracyjnego prowokacyjna kampania reklamowa skrajnie prawicowej partii Szwedzkich Demokratów została zniszczona przez tłum. Od lat żadna inna kampania w Szwecji nie przyciągnęła podobnej uwagi i niechęci. To jakościowe studium przypadku przedstawia retorykę aktywizmu, która wywołała „Twitterową burzę dekady”. Poprzez analizę motywu fantazji określoAmidst the European migrant crisis, a provocative advertisement campaign by the far-right party the Sweden Democrats was destroyed by a mob. No other campaign in Sweden had attracted a similar amount of attention and resentment. This qualitative case study analyses the activism rhetoric that caused the ‘Twitterstorm’ of the decade. Through a fantasy theme analysis, it determines how the protesters
