It is well known that many governments have resorted to a wide range of constructions to justify, underi nternational law, their unilateral exceptions to human rights in the name of countering terrorism. This paper seeks to take stock of a range of arguments, doctrines or constructionsth at states may resort to when seeking to justify their unilateral exceptions to human rights norms in the fight

The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (‘ICCPR’) is the only human rights treaty that has universal coverage both geographically and in respect of its personal scope, and that includes a specific provision on the rights of minorities, or to be more exact, on the rights of members of minorities. Here the Covenant differs also from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which d

Traditional international law aims to protect the values and interests of states. The rapidly increasing corpus of international human rights law (including international humanitarian law and international criminal law) increasingly challenges the basic tenets of general international law. In order to become accepted as the law of the world community, general international law needs to reflect bet

Consistent with Article 38 of the Statute of International Court of Justice, the primary sources of international human rights law can be identified as treaty, custom, and general principles of law derived from national legal systems. Treaty provisions in human rights law are often textually fairly open-ended and hence will need to be read in the light of institutionalized practices of interpretat

Something must have changed in society. We weren’t always this worried. Not always caught up in disastrous scenarios in our minds. What is this nagging voice in our head? Why won’t it stop, and why are we so fixated on it? In Why We Worry, Roland Paulsen paints a broad picture of the cultural variations and historical evolution of anxiety. Through this lens, he invites readers to explore the parad

In the context of an infrastructure project UAV-electromagnetic measurements at five areas in southern parts of Sweden are conducted to study the variation of depth to the bedrock. The source signals are the distant radio transmitters in the band 15-350 kHz. The example shown in this work is from Area 5 where the underlying bedrock is a gneissic granite with reasonably high resistivity. The resist

Although recent modeling suggests that needle–syringe programs (NSPs) have reduced parenteral HIV transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Kenya, the prevalence in this population remains high (∼14–20%, compared to ∼4% in the larger population). Reducing transmission or acquisition requires understanding historic and modern transmission trends, but the relationship between the PWID HIV

State-of-the-art laser frequency stabilization is limited by miniscule length changes caused by thermal noise. In this work, a cavity-length-insensitive frequency stabilization scheme is implemented using strong dispersion in a 21 mm long cavity with a europium-ion-doped spacer of yttrium orthosilicate. A number of limiting factors for slow light laser stabilization are evaluated, including the in