Studies investigating tool use in animals that are not known tool users in the wild are important in helping to understand how and under what circumstances this ability might arise. Tool use appears to be uncommon in great tits (Parus major), with only a single documented observation in which a wild great tit used conifer needles to extract larvae from crevices in trees. In a laboratory-based expe

Carefully converged calculations are performed for the band gap of ZnO within many-body perturbation theory (G0W0 approximation). The results obtained using four different well-established plasmon-pole models are compared with those of explicit calculations without such models (the contour-deformation approach). This comparison shows that, surprisingly, plasmon-pole models depending on the f-sum r

We develop a formal theory of decency. Shared values and understandings give rise to social norms. Norms may mandate collectively optimal behavior, but they need not do so. Furthermore, behavior can be affected by social values even if it stops short of norm compliance. Seeking stronger predictions, we propose a structural model of social values; society endorses efficiency and equality, but conde

This European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate Cancer trial follow-up reports that repeated screening reduces the risk of dying from prostate cancer for up to 16 yr.

Produced as a tissue defence response to hypoxia and inflammation, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is elevated in people receiving metformin treatment. To gain insight into the relationship of GDF-15 with metformin and major cardiovascular risk factors, we analysed the data from the SUMMIT cohort (n = 1438), a four-centre, nested, case–control study aimed at verifying whether biomarkers

IARM Keynote Lecture, Day 1, 14pm.

A lasting legacy of the International Polar Year (IPY) 2007-2008 was the promotion of the Permafrost Young Researchers Network (PYRN), initially an IPY outreach and education activity by the International Permafrost Association (IPA). With the momentum of IPY, PYRN developed into a thriving network that still connects young permafrost scientists, engineers, and researchers from other disciplines.

Observational studies suggest that higher birth weight (BW) is associated with increased risk of breast cancer in adult life. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) study to assess whether this association is causal. Sixty independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) known to be associated at P < 5 × 10 −8 with BW were used to construct (1) a 41-SNP instrumental variable (IV

Abstract Background: Advanced paediatric surgery is increasingly centralised in Sweden in order to improve treatment outcomes and reduce surgical risks. However, the overall need for surgery in the paediatric population has not been estimated, and the association between geographic access to surgical facilities and timely treatment for common surgical conditions in children is largely unknown.

A three stacked power amplifier implemented in 28nm fully depleted silicon-on- insulator complementary metal oxide semi-conductor technology (FDSOI CMOS) is presented. It has a differential architecture with on-chip input and output transformer baluns. The PA achieves a saturated output power level of 17.9dBm with a peak power added efficiency of 7% and an output referred gain compression point ofA three stacked power amplifier implemented in 28nm fully depleted silicon-on-insulator complementary metal oxide semi-conductor technology (FDSOI CMOS) is presented. It has a differential architecture with on-chip input and output transformer baluns. The PA achieves a saturated output power level of 17.9dBm with a peak power added efficiency of 7% and an output referred gain compression point of

Vad är egentligen problemet med industrimaten?Allt mer av det vi stoppar i oss har vid något tillfälle befunnit sig i fabrikernas rostfria ståltankar, transporterats på löpande band, behandlats med kemiskt framtagna tillsatser och förpackats i färgglada förpackningar. Istället för gladlynta kockar eller känsliga mathantverkare är det idag kemister, ingenjörer och industriarbetare som designar, til

Recension av Peter Jacksons film "They Shall Not Grow Old"

Background: The duration of protection provided by varicella vaccines is unclear. We assessed the 10-year vaccine efficacy of two doses of a combined measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine (MMRV), one live attenuated varicella vaccine (V) dose given after one measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) dose (MMR + V), versus two MMR doses (control vaccine) for the prevention of confirmed varicella. Metho

This study investigated the relationship between perceived indoor temperature in winter and frailty among community-dwelling older people. This cross-sectional study included 342 people 65 years and older in Japan. Participants answered questions about demographics, frailty, housing, and perceived indoor temperature in winter. Participants were grouped based on perceived indoor temperature (Cold o

Although cuprate high-temperature superconductors were discovered already in 1986 the origin of the pairing mechanism remains elusive. While the doped compounds are superconducting with high transition temperatures Tc, the undoped compounds are insulating due to the strong effective Coulomb interaction between the Cu 3d holes. We investigate the dependence of the maximum superconducting transition

Electric road systems (ERS) are technologies that allow to charge electric vehicles (EVs) while they are driving. This makes it possible to reduce the installed battery capacity and therefore the weight and cost of the vehicle. However, while the vehicle is charging from the ERS a protective earth connection cannot be ensured, which introduces new isolation challenges in the design of the electric