In this thesis, we model stochastic processes in time and space. We focus on the processes whose covariance structure is either changing over the time span, or depends on the location in space. We develop models that appropriately describe and analyze such data behaviors in various different fields including finance, economics and engineering. This thesis begins with an introductory section which

This paper provides exact analysis of a model for sustainable control of a one-warehouse-N-retailer inventory system with time based shipment consolidation. The model is motivated by discussions with industry, and involves the possibility to reserve intermodal transportation capacity in combination with truck transports available on demand. Inventories are reviewed continuously while shipments fro

The diagnostic steps for primary aldosteronism (PA) include case screening tests, confirmatory tests, and localization. The aim of this study was to identify useful confirmatory tests and their cut-off values for differentiating the subtype of primary aldosteronism, especially in unilateral PA, such as aldosterone-producing adenoma, and bilateral PA, such as idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. Seventy-

The increase in the number of patients with diabetes has become a worldwide healthcare issue, with numbers predicted to reach approximately 600 million by 2035. In Asia-Pacific region, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes has increased dramatically in recent decades, of which the major causes are believed to be modern lifestyle changes, e.g., Western dietary pattern and reduced physical activity, on

We recently established 2 mouse lines with different susceptibilities (prone and resistant) to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced glucose intolerance by selective breeding (designated selectively bred diet-induced glucose intolerance-prone [SDG-P] and -resistant [SDG-R], respectively). In the present study, we analyzed transgenerational changes in metabolic phenotypes in these 2 mouse colonies to explore

Background: A number of epidemiological studies demonstrated that postprandial hyperglycemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. Although several laboratory studies have addressed the plausible causal role of postprandial acute hyperglycemia (glucose spikes) in the development of atherosclerosis, there is little convincing evidence in vivo wh

Increasing evidence indicates that phospholipid oxidation plays important roles in atherosclerosis. Here, we investigated the involvement of Rho-family GTPases inphosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PCOOH)-induced THP-1 cell adhesion to ICAM-1. Isoprenoid depletion by fluvastatin and geranylgeranyltransferase inhibition by GGTI-286 suppressed PCOOH-induced cell adhesion to ICAM-1 and F-actin-rich me

In her dissertation Aspektuella hjälpverb i svenskan, Maria Bylin investigates the evolution of six aspectual auxiliaries in Swedish (bruka ‘use to’, tendera ‘tend to’, börja ‘begin’, fortsätta ‘continue’, sluta ‘stop’ and hota ‘threaten’). The study is conducted within the framework of grammaticalization, and Bylin’s primary method is to apply so-called auxiliary tests on a historical material co

We evaluated the clinical utility of the Swedish SCARED-R in child- and adolescent psychiatric outpatients (n = 239) and validated it against Longitudinal Expert All Data (LEAD) DSM IV diagnoses based on the Children’s Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (KSADS) and subsequent clinical work-up and treatment outcome. The SCARED-R total score and subscales had acceptable sensitivity/s

People with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) are often unnecessarily treated with antibiotics risking adverse effects and antimicrobial resistance. We performed a systematic review to determine any benefits and harms of treating ABU in particular patient groups. Relevant databases were searched and eligible trials were assessed for risk-of-bias and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development

Persistent developmental stuttering is associated with basal ganglia dysfunction or dopamine dysregulation. Here, we studied whole-brain functional connectivity to test how basal ganglia structures coordinate and reorganize sensorimotor brain networks in stuttering. To this end, adults who stutter and fluent speakers (control participants) performed a response anticipation paradigm in the MRI scan

Host-defense peptides play a fundamental role in the innate immune system by modulating inflammatory responses. Previously, it was shown that the thrombin derived host-defense peptide GKY25 inhibits LPS-induced responses of monocytes and macrophages in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. In this study, the effect of GKY25 on the interaction of monocytes/macrophages with Gram-negative bacteria was explore

Increasing population has posed insurmountable challenges to agriculture in the provision of future food security, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region where biophysical conditions are not well-suited for agriculture. Iran, as a major agricultural country in the MENA region, has long been in the quest for food self-sufficiency, however, the capability of its land and wate

The ability to flexibly plan for events outside of the current sensory scope is at the core of being human and is crucial to our everyday lives and society. Studies on apes have shaped a belief that this ability evolved within the hominid lineage. Corvids, however, have shown evidence of planning their food hoarding, although this has been suggested to reflect a specific caching adaptation rather

In addition to its role in neuronal survival, the brain neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been shown to influence serotonin transmission and synaptic plasticity, events strongly implicated in the appearance of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID), a motor complication occurring in parkinsonian patients after long-term treatment with the dopamine precursor. In order to evaluate a possible influence of BDNF

Background and objectives: Arterial stiffness plays a significant role in the development and progression of adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. This observational study aims to explore the relationship between six acute phase proteins namely, ceruloplasmin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, orosomucoid, haptoglobin, complement C3 and C-reactive protein (CRP), and carotid-femoral pulse wave

In this paper, we consider the potential of data-transmission in a system with a massive number of radiating and sensing elements, thought of as a contiguous surface of electromagnetically active material. We refer to this as a Large Intelligent Surface (LIS). The "LIS" is a newly proposed concept, which conceptually goes beyond contemporary massive MIMO technology, and arises from our vision of a

Despite early reports and the contemporary consensus on microsaccades as purely binocular phenomena, recent work has proposed not only the existence of monocular microsaccades, but also that they serve functional purposes. We take a critical look at the detection of monocular microsaccades from a signal perspective, using raw data and a state-of-the-art, video-based eye tracker. In agreement with