BEAST is a bidirectional efficient algorithm for searching trees. In this correspondence, BEAST is extended to maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding of block codes obtained via convolutional codes. First it is shown by simulations that the decoding complexity of BEAST is significantly less than that of the Viterbi algorithm. Then asymptotic upper bounds on the BEAST decoding complexity for three import

A combined quantum mechanical statistical mechanical method has been used to study the solvation of the hydronium ion in water. The system is divided in three parts, a quantum core (the ion), 89 classical water molecules and a dielectric continuum. The water molecules are represented using a polarizable potential. The first solvation shell of the ion consists of three water molecules linked by hyd

Several bird species have advanced the timing of their spring migration in response to recent climate change. European short-distance migrants, wintering in temperate areas, have been assumed to be more affected by change in the European climate than long-distance migrants wintering in the tropics. However, we show that tong-distance migrants have advanced their spring arrival in Scandinavia more

Tec family protein tyrosine kinases (TFKs) play a central role in hematopoietic cellular signaling. Initial activation takes place through specific tyrosine phosphorylation situated in the activation loop. Further activation occurs within the SH3 domain via a transphosphorylation mechanism, which for Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) affects tyrosine 223. We found that TFKs phosphorylate preferential

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling består av tre olika artiklar som kan läsas separat. Varje artikel har tilldelats ett eget kapitel i avhandlingen. Självständigheten av dessa kapitel bör inte tolkas som att de inte hör ihop. Förutom att alla tillhör området makroekonomi, har alla den gemensamma egenskapen att relatera till nutida ekonomisk politiska debatten. Titeln på den första artikThis thesis consists of three distinct articles that can be read separately. Each one has been awarded a chapter of its own. The independence of these chapters should not be taken as meaning that they are unrelated. Besides belonging all to the subfield of macroeconomics, they share the common feature of being inherently economic policy oriented. The title of the first article is "Fiscal Policy a

Using the density of food left in a patch after foraging - i.e. the giving-up density (GUD) - as a behavioural indicator, short-term foraging studies on birds in the dry and wet fringing forests and savanna habitats of the Amurum Forest Reserve, Laminga, Nigeria, were used to evaluate whether widespread food abundance will affect their behaviour in these apparently-different habitats. The effect o

The in vitro activities of the lipopeptides pahnitoyl (Pal)-Lys-Lys-NH2 and Pal-Lys-Lys against gram-positive cocci were investigated. Enterococci and streptococci demonstrated higher susceptibilities than staphylococci and Rhodococcus equi. A positive interaction was shown when the lipopeptides were combined with beta-lactams and vancomycin. These results suggest that lipopeptides are promising c

Most of the experiments related to quantum information applications, involving rare-earth doped inorganic crystals, are performed on yttrium orthosilicate single crystals. The work presented here is motivated by the search of new compounds which can be used in the field of quantum computing and/or quantum storage. Relaxation times and hyperfine structure of the H-3(4)(0)-> D-1(2)(0) transition in

BACKROUND: Pathological tau protein concentrations in CSF are found in both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but studies on brain tissue have suggested that the tau pathology in AD differs from that in FTD and that the difference may be related to the degree of phosphorylation. As CSF tau protein is increased after stroke, tau may also be implicated in the pathophysiolog

The text introduces the semiology as method in the analysis of Sociology as area of authoritarian social discourse. In opposition to an "empirical" description where the "fact" is described as if it was not "social" but a fact "of nature" the deconstruction of the Power discourse shows that the "fact" is produced as definition or description, i.e, the Power-discourse works as Code which through st

The goal of this study is to investigate the applicability of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF)–multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS), and to develop a method for analysis of cationic potato amylopectin (CPAP) having ultrahigh molecular mass (UHMr). Use of the aqueous carrier having low salt content (3 mM NaN3) resulted in a distortion in AsFlFFF fractograms of CPAP with a

Tadpoles from two types of ponds, temporary and permanent, were raised in a common garden experiment. There was no clear effect of pond type on development rate (time for metamorphosis). From each sibship, one group was raised under a constant water regime (deep tanks) and one was subject to simulated pond drying (shallow tanks). The tadpoles exhibited a plastic response to pond drying: they metam

Company Law and accounting in nineteenth-century Europe.

In 15 ill newborn infants a comparison between long-term multichannel and single-channel recordings of simultaneously tape-recorded (Medilog system) and amplitude-integrated EEG (Cerebral Function Monitor) was made. There was good agreement between the main type of background activity diagnosed with the tape-recorded and the amplitude-integrated EEG for all recordings. Two infants had repetitive s

AIM: Schoolchildren aged 10-11 with a family history of premature coronary artery disease (CAD), were examined in order to identify children with genetically determined dyslipidemias and a combination of risk factors. METHODS: A total of 4000 questionnaires were distributed by the school; 55% of the families answered and returned the questionnaire. Blood lipids, apolipoprotein B, and Lp(a) lipopro

A gas chromatographic procedure was developed to determine the relative amounts of D- and L-arabinitol in urine. Samples were filtered, diluted, purified through extractions, evaporated, and treated with trifluoroacetic anhydride; the arabinitol derivatives thus obtained were separated on a chiral stationary phase and registered by using an electron-capture detector. Urine samples from a patient w