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Diagnostic properties of two-photon-pumped stimulated emission in atmospheric species

Two-photon excitation provides access to atoms and molecules with absorption resonances in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), i.e., to the species otherwise inaccessible for probing under atmospheric conditions, since the atmosphere strongly absorbs VUV radiation. In addition, for high enough laser intensities, two-photon pumping may create population inversion between the pumped energy state and a low

Identifying miRNA targets using AGO-RIPseq

microRNAs (miRNA) are small, noncoding RNAs that bind to messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and regulate their activity. They are, therefore, important posttranscriptional regulators. In recent years it has become clear that miRNAs regulate large genetic networks, rather than single genes, and that one gene can be targeted by several miRNAs. To understand the role of miRNAs in cells or tissues, it is therefor

Multisource encoding and decoding using the signal apparition technique

Signal apparition is a method for encoding sources in simultaneous multisource seismic acquisition and decoding the multisource response of the earth into its single-source responses. For M sources, encoding is performed by applying periodic sequences of period M to each of the sources along source lines. Decoding is achieved in the wavenumber domain for each frequency by solving an M × M linear s

Ubiquitous formation of bulk Dirac cones and topological surface states from a single orbital manifold in transition-metal dichalcogenides

Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are renowned for their rich and varied bulk properties, while their single-layer variants have become one of the most prominent examples of two-dimensional materials beyond graphene. Their disparate ground states largely depend on transition metal d-electron-derived electronic states, on which the vast majority of attention has been concentrated to date. Her

Numerical investigation of transport phenomena in high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells with different flow field designs

In this work, a three-dimensional, non-isothermal, steady-state model for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells with phosphoric acid polybenzimidazole membrane has been developed using computational fluid dynamics. The importance of the gas flow field design on the transport characteristics and cell performance is revealed by solving the mass, momentum, species, energy, and charge c

Self-employment : The significance of ability, desire and opportunity

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of ability, desire and opportunity on the individual's intention to be self-employed. Design/methodology/approach – The authors created a database from Swedish national registers consisting of all individuals residing in Sweden sometime during the period 1997-2010 and selected all 333,001 full sibling pairs, 12,810 maternal half sibli

Periodontitis, tooth loss and cognitive functions among older adults

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the potential association between periodontitis, the number of teeth and cognitive functions in a cohort of older adults in Sweden. Material and methods: In total, 775 individuals from 60 to 99 years of age were selected for the study. A clinical and radiographic examination was performed. The number of teeth and prevalence of periodontal pockets and bone los

Treatment of artificial wastewater containing two azo textile dyes by vertical-flow constructed wetlands

The release of untreated dye textile wastewater into receiving streams is unacceptable not only for aesthetic reasons and its negative impacts on aquatic life but also because numerous dyes are toxic and carcinogenic to humans. Strategies, as of now, used for treating textile wastewaters have technical and economical restrictions. The greater part of the physico-chemical methods, which are used to

A Puzzle About Proportionality

The paper addresses a puzzle about the proportionality requirement on self-defense due to L. Alexander. Indirectly the puzzle is also relevant to the proportionality requirement on punishment, insofar as the right to punish is derived from the right to self-defense. Alexander argues that there is no proportionality requirement on either self-defense or punishment, as long as the aggressor/offender

Hydrogen-assisted spark discharge generated metal nanoparticles to prevent oxide formation

There exists a demand for production of metal nanoparticles for today's emerging nanotechnology. Aerosol-generated metal nanoparticles can oxidize during particle formation due to impurities in the carrier gas. One method to produce unoxidized metal nanoparticles is to first generate metal oxides and then reduce them during sintering. Here, we propose to instead prevent oxidation by introducing th

Future supply and demand of net primary production in the Sahel

In the 21st century, climate change in combination with increasing demand, mainly from population growth, will exert greater pressure on the ecosystems of the Sahel to supply food and feed resources. The balance between supply and demand, defined as the annual biomass required for human consumption, serves as a key metric for quantifying basic resource shortfalls over broad regions.Here we apply a

Surfactant-Solvent Interaction Effects on the Micellization of Cationic Surfactants in a Carboxylic Acid-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent

Deep eutectic solvents have been demonstrated to support amphiphile self-assembly, providing potential alternatives as structure-directing agents in the synthesis of nanostructures, and drug delivery. Here we have expanded on this recent research to investigate the self-assembly of alkyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactants in choline chloride:malonic acid deep eutectic solvent and mixtures of the

Data Descriptor: Sequence data and association statistics from 12,940 type 2 diabetes cases and controls

To investigate the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) to high resolution, the GoT2D and T2D-GENES consortia catalogued variation from whole-genome sequencing of 2,657 European individuals and exome sequencing of 12,940 individuals of multiple ancestries. Over 27M SNPs, indels, and structural variants were identified, including 99% of low-frequency (minor allele frequency [MAF] 0.1-5%) non-codi

Channel Shortening in Wireless Communication

The concept of Channel Shortening (CS) is a well-known technique that has a rich history over 40 years. CS transfers linear vector channels such as multi-input multi-output (MIMO) and intersymbol interference (ISI) channels into ``shortened'' versions, for the purpose of reducing demodulation-complexity and improving data-transmission performance. The original CS idea can trace back to the minimum

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry in irradiated alumina substrates from mobile phone resistors

In this study the dosimetric properties of alumina (Al2O3) substrates found in resistors retrieved from mobile phones were investigated. Measurements of the decline of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) generated following exposure of these substrates to ionising radiation showed that 16% of the signal could still be detected after 2 years (735 days). Further, the magnitude of the regenerativ

Bacterioplankton responses to increased organic carbon and nutrient loading in a boreal estuary—separate and interactive effects on growth and respiration

Increases in the terrestrial export of dissolved organic carbon (C) to rivers may be associated with additional loading of organic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to the coastal zone. However, little is known about how these resources interact in the regulation of heterotrophic bacterioplankton metabolism in boreal coastal ecosystems. Here, we measured changes in bacterioplankton production (BP) a