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Objective To review publications regarding possible donation of surplus embryos for medical research. Design Review of 67 scientific publications in this field up through January 2007. Originality Summary of factors influencing prospective donors' motivation to donate or not donate their surplus embryos for medical research. Result(s) Presentation of the findings of studies regarding the need
Two short (< 2 s) gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have recently been localized(1-4) and fading afterglow counterparts detected(2-4). The combination of these two results left unclear the nature of the host galaxies of the bursts, because one was a star-forming dwarf, while the other was probably an elliptical galaxy. Here we report the X-ray localization of a short burst (GRB 050724) with unusual gamma-ra
Shredded straw of Miscanthus was composted in 800-L boxes with different amounts of pig slurry added as nitrogen source. The impact of the different initial CIN ratios (11, 35, 47, 50, and 54) on the composting process and the end product was evaluated by examining chemical and microbiological parameters during 12 months of composting. Low initial C/N ratios caused a fast degradation of fibers dur
1. Recently, there has been much interest in physiological trade-offs between parasite resistance and fitness-related traits such as secondary sexual characters or reproductive effort. More specifically it has been suggested that (i) energetically costly activities may suppress the immune system and (ii) that this immunosuppression is caused by costly immune defences competing with other bodily de
OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of epilepsy in primary and secondary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS); to analyze the clinical and laboratory features characterizing those with epilepsy in a cohort of 538 patients with APS; and to find associated features that would suggest risk factors for epilepsy in APS. METHODS: We analyzed the clinical features of patients with APS who had epilepsy and comp
The ability of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) block copolymers (Poloxamers) to form "gels" (lyotropic liquid crystalline structures) in water is of interest to pharmaceutical applications. In such applications the presence of polar organic solvents is often desirable or required. The effect of such solvents on the stability of lyotropic liquid crysta
Sugarcane bagasse was pre-treated by steam explosion at 205 and 215degreesC and hydrolysed with cellulolytic enzymes. The hydrolysates were subjected to enzymatic detoxification by treatment with the phenoloxidase laccase and to chemical detoxification by overliming. Approximately 80% of the phenolic compounds were specifically removed by the laccase treatment. Overliming partially removed the phe
Abstract is not available
Most evolutionary models of dispersal have concentrated on dispersal rate, with emigration being either global or restricted to nearest neighbours. Yet most organisms fall into an intermediate region where most dispersal is local but there is a wide range of dispersal distances. We use an individual-based model with 2500 patches each with identical local dynamics and show that the dispersal distan
The flora of 17 islets was studied during the period 1968-2000, with thorough inventories from 1971. At each visit the species present and their population sizes were noted. The flora of the smallest islets of hard rock consisted mainly of perennials, and remained unchanged in terms of species present throughout the period of study. In the larger and more complex islets the major part of the flora
We have studied the degree of genetic variation at a variable Mhc class II beta gene in four populations of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar by using RFLPs. The class II beta gene encodes the part of the Mhc class II molecule that contains the antigen binding region and is therefore essential for disease resistance. There was extensive genetic variation in all four populations; the expected heterozygos
In this study we will report on the development of a process to establish antisticking layers on nickel-based stamps, which are used in several industrial applications of nanoimprint lithography or related methods. The fluorinated alkyl silane films have been deposited onto different Ni-based stamp surfaces in order to minimize the adhesion tendency at the stamp/polymer interface. film thickness,
Cobalamin/folate deficiency is common in elderly subjects and may lead to psychiatric symptoms, but even more often it increases the severity of other organic and non-organic mental diseases. This paper reviews the literature relevant for markers of cobalamin/folate status and their relation to neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly. Plasma homocysteine, a marker of cobalamin/folate status, is f
Antibody-based microarrays are a novel technology that hold great promise in proteomics. Microarrays can be printed with thousands of recombinant antibodies carrying the desired specificities, the biologic sample (e.g., an entire proteome) and any specifically bound analytes detected. The microarray patterns that are generated can then be converted into proteomic maps, or molecular fingerprints, r
The translocation t(8;16)(p11;p13) is associated with a subtype of acute monocytic leukemia (AML M5) characterized morphologically by erythrophagocytosis and clinically by a poor prognosis. The t(8;16) fuses the MOZ gene from 8p11 with the CBP (also named CREBBP) gene from 16p13. Previously published studies of MOZ and CBP rearrangements in t(8;16)-positive AML have used fluorescence in situ hybri
The new resuscitation guidelines permit compressions before delayed, defibrillation, a change that has generally been welcomed. The benefits are generally assumed to relate to the immediate provision of limited coronary perfusion with protection or replenishment of myocardial metabolic reserves. In this paper we argue that the concept is inadequate to explain many experimental and clinical. observ
