Though the existence of cultural ecosystem services is dependent on people's activities and experiences, these services are still commonly assessed using top–down approaches. In this study, appraisal theory and research into human responses to natural environments formed the basis of a systematic multilevel investigation of appraisals of created wetland areas. The aim was to explore how appraisals

Background: Ovarian tumours are usually surgically removed because of the presumed risk of complications. Few large prospective studies on long-term follow-up of adnexal masses exist. We aimed to estimate the cumulative incidence of cyst complications and malignancy during the first 2 years of follow-up after adnexal masses have been classified as benign by use of ultrasonography. Methods: In the

Identification of determinants of fate choices in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is essential to improve the clinical use of HSCs and to enhance our understanding of the biology of normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Here, we show that high-mobility group AT hook 2 (HMGA2), a nonhistone chromosomal-binding protein, is highly and preferentially expressed in HSCs and in the most immature progenitor

Planetary migration is a major challenge for planet-formation theories. The speed of type-I migration is proportional to the mass of a protoplanet, while the final decade of growth of a pebble-accreting planetary core takes place at a rate that scales with the mass to the two-thirds power. This results in planetary growth tracks (i.e., the evolution of the mass of a protoplanet versus its distanc

One of the major advantages of carbon cycle data assimilation is the possibility to estimate carbon fluxes with uncertainties in a prognostic mode, that is beyond the time period of carbon dioxide (CO2) observations. The carbon cycle data assimilation system is built around the Biosphere Energy Transfer Hydrology Scheme (BETHY) model, coupled to the atmospheric transport model TM2. It uses about 2

This chapter uses the mass-conservation equations for CO2 and its isotopomers 13CO2 and CO18O that can be used to infer globally biospheric and oceanic net fluxes in the case of 18C, and gross terrestrial biospheric fluxes in the case of 18O. The quantitative use of atmospheric measurements of 13C and 18O in CO2 to better constrain those fluxes requires knowledge of various processes specific to e

The development of human breast cancer is characterized by a variety of genetic alterations, and cytogenetic analyses have documented the consistent involvement of both arms of chromosome I. In the present study, molecular markers detecting restriction fragment length polymorphisms were used in pairwise screening of normal and tumor DNA to determine the frequency of allelic imbalance in breast tum

Fundamental bounds on antenna gain are found via convex optimization of the current density in a prescribed region. Various constraints are considered, including self-resonance and only partial control of the current distribution. Derived formulas are valid for arbitrarily shaped radiators of a given conductivity. All the optimization tasks are reduced to eigenvalue problems, which are solved effi

Ger en översikt av de kristnas situation i Mellanöstern

Through geological time, cyanobacterial picoplankton have impacted the global carbon cycle by sequestrating CO 2 and forming authigenic carbonate minerals. Various studies have emphasized the cyanobacterial cell envelopes as nucleation sites for calcium carbonate formation. Little is known, however, about how environmental conditions (e.g., nutrient content) trigger a cell surface and its proper

In this study, a multiphysics model is presented that predicts creep in three months old concrete cylinders subjected to drying. The model includes concrete hydration, and a moisture transport model with relative humidity as the driving potential. These parameters are important to include in order to simulate creep. The model was implemented in the finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics. The

Instrumentation, control and automation (ICA) are currently applied throughout the urban water system at water treatment plants, in water distribution networks, in sewer networks, and at wastewater treatment plants. However, researchers and practitioners specialising in respective urban water sub-systems do not frequently interact, and in most cases to date the application of ICA has been achieved

GaN nanowires (NWs) are promising building blocks for future optoelectronic devices and nanoelectronics. They exhibit stronger piezoelectric properties than bulk GaN. This phenomena may be crucial for applications of NWs and makes their study highly important. We report on an investigation of the structure evolution of a single GaN NW under an applied voltage bias along polar [0001] crystallograph

The significance of the retinoblastoma gene (RB) in the development of human breast cancer remains unclear. In the present study, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in RB was found in 26% of 90 informative primary breast tumors and was correlated to DNA nondiploidy, a high S-phase fraction, and LOH at chromosome 17pl33. However, allele loss was not associated with loss of RB protein (pRB) expression. Lo