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Bone-targeted radium-223 in symptomatic, hormone-refractory prostate cancer: a randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase II study

Background The alpha-emitter radium-223 (Ra-223) is a bone-seeking radionuclide studied as a new treatment for patients with bone metastases from hormone-refractory prostate cancer. We aimed to study mature outcomes from a randomised, multicentre, phase II study of Ra-223. Methods Patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer and bone pain needing external-beam radiotherapy were assigned to fou

Nasal challenges with recombinant derivatives of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 induce fewer symptoms and lower mediator release than rBet v 1 wild-type in patients with allergic rhinitis

Background Genetic engineering of the major birch pollen allergen (Bet v 1) has led to the generation of recombinant Bet v 1 derivatives with markedly reduced IgE-binding capacity, but with retained T cell activating ability. Objective To compare the mucosal reactivity to rBet v 1 derivatives with rBet v 1 wild-type as basis for new therapeutic strategies for birch pollen allergy based on mucosal

Local adaptation but not geographic separation promotes assortative mating in a snail - support for ecological speciation

A crucial assumption in models of ecological speciation is that reproductive barriers evolve as a consequence of ecological divergence of populations, rather than geographical separation. To test the prediction that barriers between populations might evolve in the face of gene flow, we studied reproductive barriers between populations of two Swedish ecotypes of the marine snail Littorina saxatilis

Early, selective, and marked loss of sympathetic nerves from the islets of BioBreeder diabetic rats.

To discover whether islet sympathetic nerves are damaged during the autoimmune destruction of islet B-cells, we immunostained sections of pancreas from BioBreeder (BB) diabetic rats, using antibodies against vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), a marker of sympathetic nerve terminals. We found a marked decrease in the VMAT2-positive fiber area in the islets of BB rats that had been diabetic

Genes encoding for AP-2 beta and the Serotonin Transporter are associated with the Personality Character Spiritual Acceptance

In several twin studies the relative contribution of genetic factors for personality traits has amounted to figures between 40 and 60%. In the present study we investigated to which degree polymorphisms in the 5-HTT and AP-2 beta genes are implicated in the neural processes involved in the formation of Temperament and Character traits, as estimated by Cloninger's TCI. Considering the background of

The BOADICEA model of genetic susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancers: updates and extensions

Multiple genetic loci confer susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancers. We have previously developed a model (BOADICEA) under which susceptibility to breast cancer is explained by mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, as well as by the joint multiplicative effects of many genes ( polygenic component). We have now updated BOADICEA using additional family data from two UK population-based studies of brea

Value of conventional, and diffusion- and perfusion weighted MRI in the management of patients with unclear cerebral pathology, admitted to the intensive care unit

The aim of our retrospective study was to determine the extent to which diffusion- and perfusion- weighted MRI combined with conventional MRI could be helpful in the evaluation of intensive care unit (ICU) patients who have unknown or unclear cerebral pathology underlying a serious clinical condition. Twenty-one ICU patients with disparity between the findings on brain CT scan and their clinical s

Bacterial vaginosis - a microbiological and immunological enigma

The development of bacterial vaginosis (BV) among women of childbearing age and the resulting quantitative and qualitative shift from normally occurring lactobacilli in the vagina to a mixture of mainly anaerobic bacteria is a microbiological and immunological enigma that so far has precluded the formulation of a unifying generally accepted theory on the aetiology and clinical course of BV This cr

Evaluation of factors of importance for clinical dementia diagnosis

Diagnosing clinical dementia is based on an assessment of different variables, such as the patient's medical history, known risk factors, and biochemical features. Partial least squares discriminant analysis was used to evaluate variables of importance for diagnosing dementia in a clinical dementia population. Polymorphism for genotypes of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and sulfotransferase 1A1,

Chlorination byproducts and nitrate in drinking water and risk for congenital cardiac defects

Drinking water disinfection byproducts have been associated with an increased risk for congenital defects including cardiac defects. Using Swedish health registers linked to information on municipal drinking water composition, individual data on drinking water characteristics were obtained for 58,669 women. Among the infants born, 753 had a cardiac defect. The risk for a cardiac defect was determi

Absence of CD40-CD40 ligand interactions in X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome does not affect differentiation of T helper cell subsets

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of absent CD40-CD40 ligand interactions in patients with X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome (XHIGM) on the generation of Th1 and Th2 immunity. Whole blood from patients and sex- and age-matched controls was stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and calcium ionophore A23187 in the presence of Brefeldin A. After 5 h, cellular production of inter

Large Eddy Simulation of Reacting Flows Applied to Bluff Body Stabilized Flames

The objective of this paper is to present a large eddy simulation model for chemically reacting flows. The large eddy simulation model, founded on a physical model based on modern continuum mechanics, includes a complete treatment of the subgrid stresses and fluxes including both backscatter and diffusion. To investigate the predictive capabilities of the large eddy simulation model, numerical sim

Prenatal diagnosis of lamellar ichthyosis by direct mutational analysis of the keratinocyte transglutaminase gene

Autosomal recessive lamellar ichthyosis (LI) is a rare inherited disease of cornification of the skin. Recently, the gene responsible for type I LI has been identified and mutations have been described. The identification of mutations in families at risk for LI allows a precise and rapid prenatal diagnosis. A family with a previously unreported mutation is described and a prenatal diagnosis based

Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor binds to Streptococcus pyogenes by interacting with collagen-like surface proteins A and B.

Regulation of proteolysis is a critical element of the host immune system and plays an important role in the induction of pro- and anti-inflammatory reactions in response to infection. Some bacterial species take advantage of these processes and recruit host proteinases to their surface in order to counteract the host attack. Here we show that Thrombin-activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI), a

Early B-cell factor (o/e-1) is a promoter of adipogenesis and involved in control of genes important for terminal adipocyte differentiation.

Olf-1/early B-cell factor (O/E-1) is a transcription factor important for B-lymphocyte and neuronal gene regulation. Here we report that all three known O/E genes (O/E-1, -2, and -3) are expressed in mouse adipose tissue and are upregulated during adipocyte differentiation. Forced expression of O/E-1 in either the preadipocyte cell line 3T3-L1 or mouse embryonic fibroblasts augmented adipogenesis,

Erectile dysfunction in healthy subjects predicts reduced coronary flow velocity reserve.

Background: Erectile dysfunction is associated with, and may be the first sign of coronary artery disease. We aimed to assess whether men with erectile dysfunction but without cardiovascular disease have reduced coronary flow reserve, as a sign of early coronary atherosclerosis. Methods: We investigated 12 men aged 68-73 years with erectile dysfunction, and 12 age-matched controls. Erectile functi