Background: Ratios of values of brachytherapy source strengths, as measured by hospitals and vendors, comprise constant differences as, e.g., systematic errors in ion chamber calibration factors and measurement setup. Such ratios therefore have the potential to reveal the systematic changes in routines or calibration services at either the hospital or the vendor laboratory, which could otherwise b

Objective: To study the association between maternal drug use in early pregnancy and orofacial cleft in the infant. Design: Register analysis based on prospectively collected information. Patients: All delivered women in Sweden July 1, 1995, through December 31, 2001. Main outcome measure: Presence of orofacial cleft in infant. Results: Prospective information on maternal drug use during the first

The in-line ultrasound Doppler-based UVP-PD rheometry method was evaluated for non-invasive, real-time theological characterization of complex model- and industrial suspensions. The method is based on the combination of ultrasound velocity profile (UVP) and pressure drop (PD) measurements. Experiments were carried out in pressure driven, steady shear flow at different volumetric flow rates in a fl

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature on the release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from aged contaminated soil. The release of fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene at 7, 15, 18 and 23 °C was studied using a column leaching method with a hydraulic retention time of 0.5 h. As the temperature declined from 23 to 7 °C the concentrati

We report on magnetotransport measurements on InSb nanowire quantum dots. The measurements show that the quantum levels of the InSb quantum dots have giant g factors, with absolute values up to approximately 70, the largest value ever reported for semiconductor quantum dots. We also observe that the values of these g factors are quantum level dependent and can differ strongly between different qua

The swelling and mechanical properties of various interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were studied. Six networks made from permutations of a moderately crosslinked polyelectrolyte network (ref), a moderately crosslinked neutral polymer network (net1), and a highly crosslinked polyelectrolyte network (net2) were first swollen in water and structural properties such as end-to-end chain lengths

The cyclometallated dinuclear (2-phenyl-pyridine) palladium acetate and chloride [{PdCl(phpy)}(2)] and [{PdOAc(phpy)}(2)] were reacted with potentially bridging N- and S-donor ligands. The N,N-ligands bind with only one nitrogen and form monomeric products. The S,S-ligand binds in a chelate mode, also forming a monomeric complex. 3,3-Dimethyl glutarate, on the other hand, binds in a bridging mode.

ObjectiveLumbar spinal stenosis is one of the most commonly diagnosed spinal disorders in older adults. Although the pathophysiology of the clinical syndrome is not well understood, a narrow central canal or intervertebral foramen is an essential or defining feature. The aim of the present study was to estimate the magnitude of genetic versus environmental influences on central lumbar spinal steno

Static light scattering (SLS) combined with structure-based Monte Carlo (MC) simulations provide new insights into mechanisms behind anisotropic, attractive protein interactions. A nonmonotonic behavior of the osmotic second virial coefficient as a function of ionic strength is here shown to originate from a few charged amino acids forming an electrostatic attractive patch, highly directional and

We present a study of solvent effects on the zero-point vibrational corrections (ZPVC) to optical rotations and nuclear magnetic resonance shielding constants of solvated molecules. The model used to calculate vibrational corrections rely on an expansion of the potential and property surfaces around an effective molecular geometry and includes both harmonic and anharmonic correction. Numerical exa

We investigate the time periodic solutions to the viscous Burgers equation $u_t -mu u_{xx} + uu_x = f$ for irregular forcing terms. We prove that the corresponding Burgers operator is a diffeomorphism between appropriate function spaces.

An approach for merging statically schedulable subr egions in dataflow models is pr esented. The approach combines abstr act int erpr etation, loop analysis, and static scheduling of cyclo-static dataflow networ ks. The approach has been implemented in a Java-based tool that per forms automatic classification of dataflow act or s, generat ion of stat ic schedules using constr aint programming, and

Fiftythree species are reported new to Norway, and their distribution and biology are commented on. Among the new Norwegian species, Anatella alpina Plassmann, 1977 and Trichonta tristis (Strobl, 1898) are also new to the Nordic region. The total number of species of Mycetophilidae in Norway is thus increased to 575. The majority of the species added forms an extension of the boreal taiga fauna in

A recursive algorithm by Aho et al. [SIAM J. Comput., 10 (1981), pp. 405-421] forms the basis for many modern rooted supertree methods employed in Phylogenetics. However, as observed by Bryant [Building Trees, Hunting for Trees, and Comparing Trees: Theory and Methods in Phylogenetic Analysis, Ph.D. thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1997], the tree output by the algorith

We study simulated annealing algorithms to maximise a function psi on a subset of R-d. In classical simulated annealing, given a current state theta(n) in stage n of the algorithm, the probability to accept a proposed state z at which psi is smaller, is exp(-beta(n+1)(psi(z) - psi (theta(n))) where (beta(n)) is the inverse temperature. With the standard logarithmic increase of (beta(n)) the probab

Background: Patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) are commonly treated with steroid injection into or proximal to the carpal tunnel. However, evidence for its efficacy beyond one month has not been established in randomized placebo-controlled trials. The primary aim of this randomized trial is to assess the efficacy of steroid injection into the carpal tunnel in relieving symptoms

The use of electron probes for in situ imaging of solution phase systems has been a long held objective, largely driven by the prospect of atomic resolution of molecular structural dynamics relevant to chemistry and biology. Here, we present a nanofluidic sample cell with active feedback to maintain stable flow conditions for pathlengths varying from 45 nm to several 100 nm, over a useable viewing

Background: There are two independent head injury outcome studies using the "Lund concept", and both showed a mortality rate of about 10%, and a favourable outcome (Glasgow outcome scale, GOS 4 and 5) of about 70%. The Lund concept aims at controlling intracranial pressure, and improving microcirculation around contusions. Intracranial pressure is controlled by maintaining a normal colloid osmotic