The eastern Baltic cod fishery, as many fisheries worldwide, is experiencing a major crisis. The combination of current environmental conditions, fishing mortality rates, and stock size indicates that this fishery is not sustainable. In order to rebuild the population and sustain the fishery in the future, it is essential to define a biologically appropriate exploitation level. In this paper, we t

A strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, endospore-forming, lipolytic bacterium, designated strain R1(T), was isolated from bovine rumen fluid and characterized. Cells of this isolate were Gram-positive, non-motile rods that formed spherical terminal spores. The overall biochemical and physiological characteristics indicated that this strain should be placed in the genus Clostridium. The strain grew at t

The influence of pH on the growth and assimilation of N-15-labelled ammonium and nitrate was studied in intact ectomycorrhizal systems consisting of Betula pendula Roth and Picea abies (L.) Karst. colonized with a common mycelium of Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. The plants were grown together in Plexiglass observation chambers containing non-sterile peat with three different pH values, 4.0, 5.1

Differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells into lipid-accumulating adipocytes is a physiological process induced by transcription factors in combination with hormonal stimulation. We have used Affymetrix microarrays to compare the adipogenic differentiation pathways of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts induced to undergo in vitro differentiation by ectopic expression of early B cell factor (EBF)-1 or

Abstract in UndeterminedAims: To examine how left atrioventricular plane displacement ( AVPD), a widely used measure of left ventricular (LV) function, is related to presence and degree of aortic stenosis. Methods and results: Cardiac dimensions, LV filling, left AVPD, LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and valve function were assessed by echocardiography/Doppler in 182 patients with various cardiac dis

Results of the Jefferson Lab Hall A quasielastic 3He(e,ep)pn measurements are presented. These measurements were performed at fixed transferred momentum and energy, q=1502 MeV/c and =840 MeV, respectively, for missing momenta pm up to 1 GeV/c and missing energies in the continuum region, up to pion threshold; this kinematic coverage is much more extensive than that of any previous experiment. The

We present a formalism which modifies the Mueller Dipole Model such that it incorporates energy-momentum conservation as well as important colour suppressed effects in the cascade evolution. The formalism is implemented in a Monte Carlo simulation program, and the results are compared to inclusive data from HERA and the Tevatron. We here find a generally very good agreement between our model and t

Ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC) of three different viscosity classes (EHEC I, II, and III) was analyzed by programmed cross-flow asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled to multiangle light scattering and refractive index detectors to determine their size and molar mass distribution. Two size populations were detected in the two lower viscosity classes, EHEC I and II, one high molar m

The level of host specificity of blood-sucking invertebrates may have both ecological and evolutionary implications for the parasites they are transmitting. We used blood meals from wild-caught blackflies for molecular identification of parasites and hosts to examine patterns of host specificity and how these may affect the transmission of avian blood parasites of the genus Leucocytozoon. We found

Objective. C1q deficiency is the strongest risk factor known for the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), since almost all humans with a genetic deficiency of C1q develop this disease. Low C1q serum concentration is also a typical finding in SLE during flares, emphasizing the involvement of C1q in SLE pathogenesis. Recent studies have revealed that C1q has a regulatory effect on Toll

Self-incompatibility (SI) in plants is a classic example of a trait evolving under strong frequency-dependent selection. As a consequence, population genetic theory predicts that the S locus, which controls SI, should maintain numerous alleles, display a high level of nucleotide diversity, and, in structured populations, show a lower level of among-population differentiation compared to neutral lo

Background: Few studies have focused on the quality of secondary prevention among long-term stroke survivors. This study explores the intensity of medical intervention and the impact of lifestyle and other risk factors on the long-term stroke prognosis in a population-based setting of Swedish individuals with a history of stroke. Methods: A population-based cohort (n = 28,449) in Malmo, Sweden, wa

A drilling made in 1972 at Haslov, Scania, southern Sweden, penetrated a 2572 m thick succession of Phanerozoic strata. The only cored parts of the succession derive from the Upper Ordovician and the Furongian (upper Cambrian) series. Merely the uppermost part of the Furongian was recovered, comprising eight metres of Alum Shale with limestone concretions. Nine species and subspecies of trilobites

We evaluated the influence of UV radiation exposure time on abiotic transformations of leachates from 2 aquatic macrophytes: Phragmites australis and Hydrocaris morsus-ranae. In addition, we studied the influence of phototransformations of DOM on bacterial growth. Sterile filtered leachates were exposed to UV radiation for 5, 10, 24, 48, 72 and 120 h or kept in the dark. Dissolved inorganic carbon

Limited responsiveness to inflammatory cytokines is a feature of adult hematopoietic stem cells and contributes to the relative quiescence and durability of the stem cell population in vivo. Here we report that the executioner Caspase, Caspase-3, unexpectedly participates in that process. Mice deficient in Caspase-3 had increased numbers of immunophenotypic long-term repopulating stem cells in ass

Neurosphere cultures are widely used to propagate multipotent CNS precursors, but their differentiation into neurons or oligodendrocytes is rather poor. To elucidate fate determination in this system, we examined the expression and function of candidate transcription factors in neurospheres derived from different CNS regions during development and adulthood. We observed prominent down-regulation o

It has been repeatedly demonstrated that ACTH administration lowers plasma lipid concentrations in man. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis, based on observations of decreased apolipoprotein B (ApoB) synthesis and secretion in vitro, that ACTH administration inhibits the postprandial output of ApoB in man. Therefore, we studied the response to a fat-rich meal supplemented with Vi