Nonlinear harmonic generation has been described theoretically, and observed, in free-electron laser (FEL) amplifiers. The mechanism relies on the nonlinear, higher-order bunching when the fundamental reaches high intensities, and can also be expected in high-power FEL oscillators. We use the 3D polychromatic simulation code MEDUSA to study the nonlinear harmonic generation in FEL oscillators. Str

Dynamic models complement existing time series of observations and static critical load calculations by simulating past and future development of chemistry in forest and lake ecosystems. They are used for dynamic assessment of the acidification and to produce target load functions, that describe what combinations of nitrogen and sulfur emission reductions are needed to achieve a chemical or biolog

To improve cement penetration into the cancellous bone of the acetabulum in hip arthroplasty, sequential cementation of each anchoring hole may be feasible. Since this procedure creates laminations in the cement, we have determined the conditions under which such laminations affect the strength of the cement. Cement bars made at 2, 3 or 4 minutes after the start of cement mixing and with either dr

A mu-ISLM (micro Immuno Supported Liquid Membrane) extraction system coupled in a sequential injection analysis (SIA) configuration, capable of simultaneous sample cleanup and enrichment was developed. The capacity of the extraction channels - donor and acceptor, respectively - were reduced from originally 10 to 1.65 mu L. The acceptor channel surface was covered with a gold layer enabling immobil

A density functional theory based on a complete active space self consistent field (CASSCF) reference function with exact exchange is discussed. It is first shown that such a theory may be formulated with a correlation potential dependent on the density function and on the active space used. Auxiliary functions, such as the on-top two-particle density, are used to define uniquely the potential for

Purpose: To determine if mutations in the retinal transcription factor gene NRL are associated with retinopathies other than autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). Methods: Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples obtained from 50 patients with Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA), 17 patients with the Enhanced S-Cone Syndrome (ESCS), and a patient with an atypical retinal degeneration tha

Oscillator strengths for 57 U II lines in the region 3500-6700 Åhave been derived by combining new branching fraction measurements withrecently measured lifetimes. The lines combine six upper levels withnumerous low levels having excitation energies of 0-1.5 eV. The datainclude the U II line at 3859 Å, which is used forcosmochronology.

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna doktorsavhandling består av fyra fristående artiklar. Artiklarna har det gemensamt att de alla använder Bayesiansk ekonometri, i kombination med s.k. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) metoder, för att studera olika problem inom finansiell ekonomi. De första två artiklarna är ytterligare relaterade till varandra genom att de båda handlar om portföljvalsteori och skatThis PhD thesis consists of four separate papers. What these papers have in common is that Bayesian Econometrics, in combination with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, is applied to study various problems in financial economics. The first two papers are further related in that they both deal with portfolio selection and estimation risk, as are the last two papers in that they both deal with

Purpose: Free prostate specific antigen (PSA) in serum consists of heterogeneous molecular subforms. Recently we developed an immunoassay for selective measurement of a subfraction of free PSA called intact PSA, which has been shown to be closely associated with prostate cancer. We assessed the ability of serum intact PSA to discriminate between benign and malignant prostatic disease. Materials an

The possibilities for implementing a rainwater collection system in Ringdansen, a residential area in Norrkoping, Sweden, have been explored by analysing four scenarios for using rainwater in a dual water supply system to supplement drinking water. A computer model has been generated to quantify the water saving potential of the rainwater collection scheme. The performance of the rainwater system

The dynamic regulation of ligand binding is considered crucial for integrin function. However, the importance of activity regulation for integrin function in vivo is largely unknown. Here, we have applied gene targeting to delete the GFFKR sequence of the lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) alpha(L) subunit cytoplasmic domain in mouse germline. Lymphocytes from Lfa-1(d/d) mutant mice

Substantial evidence exists that reactive oxygen species participate in the pathogenesis of brain damage following both sustained and transient cerebral ischemia, adversely affecting the vascular endothelium and contributing to the formation of edema. One likely triggering event for free radical damage is delocalization of protein-bound iron. The binding capacity for some iron-binding proteins is

The purpose of this study is to examine some factors that influence the volume of North-South trade. The study concerns the period from the early- and mid 1970s to the early 1990s. It consists of an introductory chapter and five main chapters. Chapters 2 and 3 examine trade effects of policies implemented by the North, Chapters 4 and 5 examine trade effects of policies implemented by the South, an

Popular Abstract in Swedish Svenska myndigheter behöver ibland samarbeta med utländska myndigheter, till exempel i ärenden som rör personer, föremål eller information som finns utomlands. Detta kan leda till komplexa juridiska problem som kräver pragmatiska lösningar. I avhandlingen undersöks rättsliga ramar för sådana lösningar. Undersökningen är särskilt inriktad på rättsligt bindande avtal som When Swedish administrative authorities co-operate with foreign administrative authorities, this may give rise to legally complex situations. This thesis investigates legal frameworks to solve the ensuing problems. The investigation in particular deals with binding agreements concluded by Swedish state authorities and municipalities with corresponding types of foreign public bodies. By the conclus

Popular Abstract in Swedish I denna avhandlig undersöks hur mekanisk sträckning påverkar den glatta muskulaturen som omger våra blodkärl. En ökad sträckning av blodkärlen sker till exempel vid högt blodtryck vilket leder till en förändrad struktur av kärlet, så kallad remodellering. Ett annat mekaniskt stimuli utgörs av blodets friktion mot de endotelceller som täcker blodkärlens kontaktyta mot blThe vascular wall has a remarkable capacity to adapt to mechanical forces exerted by the intraluminal blood pressure and flow. This includes rapid change in contractile tone as well as chronic alteration of vessel structure if the stimulus persists. Stretch of the intact blood vessel wall promotes growth and contractile differentiation. The molecular mechanisms involved are not well defined, but c