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Objective: To investigate differences in snuff consumption, sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics between baseline intermittent smokers that had become daily smokers, stopped smoking or remained intermittent smokers at the one year follow up. Design/setting/participants/measurements: A population of 12 507 individuals interviewed at baseline in 1992-94 and at a one year follow up, aged
Marfan's syndrome is an inherited disorder of connective tissue, in which the most pronounced abnormalities occur in the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and ocular systems. Aortic dilatation and dissection are the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Recent advances in surgical techniques and earlier intervention have reduced postoperative mortality and morbidity.
Atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT), an intermediate malignant neoplasm of soft tissues, is characterized by the presence of supernumerary ring and giant marker chromosomes. These supernumerary chromosomes consistently contain amplified 12q-material in association with amplified segments from a variety of other chromosomes. However, a few cases of ALT with other types of chromosomal rearrangements hav
The effect of the final state Coulomb interaction on particles produced in Pb + Pb collisions at 158AGeV/c has been investigated in the WA98 experiment through the study of the pi(-)/pi(+) and K-/K+ ratios measured as a function of T-m- (m)0. While the ratio for kaons shows no significant T-m dependence, the pi(-)/pi(+) ratio is enhanced at small T-m - (m)0 values with an enhancement that increase
76 patients were examined clinically and radiologically 27 to 36 years after a fracture of the distal radius. The average age was 31 years at the time of injury and 63 years at follow-up. In 81% of the patients there was no difference between the fractured and the non-fractured side. No patient had to change his or her occupation or leisure activities because of the fracture. There were more degen
Popular Abstract in Swedish Reaktiv hyperemi är ett cirkulationsfysiologiskt fenomen som har varit en gåta för den moderna fysiologin de sista hundra åren. Reaktiv hyperemi är det initialt kraftigt ökade blodflödet som uppstår till en vävnad eller ett organ efter att blodflödet under en tid varit avstängt. Flödesökningen som följer är betydligt större än den syre- eller nutritions-skuld som uppståIntroduction: The mechanism of post ischemic reactive hyperemia is still unknown but now thought to be multifactorial and perhaps involving purinergic signalling. Purines such as ATP and ADP have recently been discovered to play a vital role in the regulation of vascular tone. We postulated that ADP could play a vital role in the mechanism of coronary post ischemic reactive hyperemia and that incr
Eighty patients with monoradicular sciatica were examined by myelography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and all had subsequent surgery. The images were evaluated by a decision-analytic regret function. The largest amount of diagnostic information was gained from CT followed by MRI and myelography. Myelography was not significantly informative. The results suggest th
The basal metabolic rate (BMR) of Old World long-distance-migrant shorebirds has been found to vary along their migration route. On average, BMR is highest in the Arctic at the start of fall migration, intermediate at temperate latitudes, and lowest on the tropical wintering grounds. As a test of the generality of this pattern, we measured the BMR of one adult and 44 juvenile shorebirds of 10 spec
Background and Purpose-Stroke triggers increased progenitor proliferation in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the generation of medium spiny neurons in the damaged striatum of rodents. We explored whether intrastriatal infusion of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promotes neurogenesis after stroke. Methods-Adult rats were subjected to 2-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCA
Dimethyldodecylamine-N-oxide (DDAO) has only one polar atom that is able to interact with water. Still, this surfactant shows very hydrophilic properties: in mixtures with water, it forms normal liquid crystalline phases and micelles. Moreover, there is data in the literature indicating that the hydration of this surfactant is driven by enthalpy while other studies show that hydration of surfactan
For a set P of points in the plane, we introduce a class of triangulations that is an extension of the Delaunay triangulation. Instead of requiring that for each triangle the circle through its vertices contains no points of P inside, we require that at most k points are inside the circle. Since there are many different higher-order Delaunay triangulations for a point set, other useful criteria fo
The Commission of the European Communities (CEC) research project "Predictivity and optimisation in medical radiation protection" addressed fundamental operational limitations in existing radiation protection mechanisms. The first part of the project aimed at investigating (1) whether the CEC image quality criteria could be used for optimization or a radiographic process and (2) whether significan
The agar-film and membrane filter methods were used to measure total hyphal length in ten different soils. The former method resulted in values 1.1 to 3.9 times those of the latter. Choice of magnification strongly influenced the results. The value for fungal length found at a magnification of 1250 x was 2 times that found at 800 x or 500 x . The measured mean hyphal diameter was significantly sma
Encoders for convolutional codes with large free distances can be constructed by combining several less powerful convolutional encoders. This paper is devoted to constructions in which the constituent convolutional codes are woven together in a manner that resembles the structure of a fabric. The general construction is called twill and it is described together with two special cases, viz., woven
