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The relationship between a physiological index called the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and photosynthetic light-use-efficiency (LUE) of a Siberian boreal forest during the winter–spring transition, or green-up period, was investigated in 2000. During this time the photosynthetic apparatus was considered under stress as a result of extremes of temperature (from −20 to 35 °C) coupled with a

Good quality time-domain IP data can be obtained using multi-electrode resistivity-IP equipment and standard electrode cable layouts at sites with favourable electrode contact. High contact resistances often result in low signal levels and capacitive coupling problems making the IP signals drown in noise. We tested an approach for measuring with separated cable spreads for current transmission and

This paper presents the results of a research project in which a patented system for asynchronous communication (“ippi”) is used as the basis for a prototype communication device utilizing the participants’ televisions as the primary interface. The aim was to study the extent to which older people’s lifelong experiences watching TV reduced their uncertainty when faced with TV-based applications. T

Utilities, such as steam and cooling water, are often shared by several production areas at an industrial site. In order to minimize the loss of revenue due to disturbances in the supply of utilities, the optimal supply of utilities to different areas has to be determined. It is not evident how utility resources should be divided, as both buffer tank levels, the connections between areas, and the

This work details investigation of two-phase aqueous foam flow, which is applicable for developing energy-efficient heat exchangers. In such heat exchangers, heat transfer rates are enhanced due to the structure and properties of aqueous foam, namely gas bubbles separated by a thin liquid film. Aqueous foam is noted to have an especially large inter-phase contact surface and reduced surface tensio

One way to deal with product lines and products that have to exist in many variants is to use a component-based approach. This allows a lot of flexibility in creating new products and can reduce time and costs. However, the flexibility in composing products from a base of components is not without problems. Complexity increases in the composition process when combining many components to one large

Water scarcity is one of the main challenges facing Middle Eastern countries. A typical country in this respect is Syria. This paper estimates projections for the available water resources, water balance, and available water per capita (AWPC) in Syria until 2050 in relation to possible future climate changes, national development agendas, water constraints, and water management alternatives. Resul

The sharing of computer programs, movies and music over the Internet marks an all time high in the persistent controversy between intellectual property owners and reproduction technologies as file sharing has gradually become a natural element in the everyday life of today’s younger generations. At present, the magnitude of the expanding gulf between traditional society’s intellectual property rig

An investigation into the design of neural network controlled autonomous agents that navigate in uncertain environments using pre-existing visual landmarks.