Context Preterm birth is the leading cause of infant mortality in developed countries, but the association between gestational age at birth and mortality in adulthood remains unknown. Objective To examine the association between gestational age at birth and mortality in young adulthood. Design, Setting, and Participants National cohort study of 674 820 individuals born as singletons in Sweden in 1

Preeclampsia (PE) complicates 3-8% of all pregnancies and manifests clinically as hypertension and proteinuria in the second half of gestation. The pathogenesis of PE is not fully understood but recent studies have described the involvement of cell-free fetal hemoglobin (HbF). Hypothesizing that PE is associated with prolonged hemolysis we have studied the response of the cell-free Hb- and heme de

Popular Abstract in Swedish Det religiösa landskapet i Europa genomsyras av rituell kreativitet - inom teater, psykoterapi och religiösa samfund laborerar individer och grupper med rituella former under mer eller mindre obundna förutsättningar. En stor del av det rituella nyskapandet återfinns emellertid utanför de etablerade religiösa institutionerna och traditionens ortopraxi. Här ses ritualer oRitual creativity may seem like a contradiction in terms, yet the religious landscape in contemporary Euro-America is permeate with experimentation of ritual forms, different modalities of action, imagination and play as routes to authenticity. The present study examines different settings in Europe involved in such ritual creativity, which would commonly be classified as postmodern spirituality,

Abstract: The main player of this thesis is glucose, both on a cellular level and with a clinical approach. Too much or wrongly handled glucose contributes to increased inflammation and oxidative stress, which is reinforced by the negative influences of uraemia and dialysis treatment. In addition, trace element status is also affected in dialysis patients. Hyperglycaemia contributes to glucose deg

In this paper, we applied Bayesian multi-layer perceptrons (MLP) using the evidence procedure to predict malignancy of ovarian masses in a large (n = 1,066) multi-centre data set. Automatic relevance determination (ARD) was used to select the most relevant inputs. Fivefold cross-validation (5CV) and repeated 5CV was used to select the optimal combination of input set and number of hidden neurons.

Objectives. To establish the gender difference amongst newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients aged 15-34 years, considering age at diagnosis, temporal trend and seasonal variation at time of diagnosis. Study design. A population-based prospective study with a mean annual population at risk of 2.3 million. Setting. All departments of medicine, endocrinology and paediatrics and primary health care

As reflected in elevated rates of sexually transmitted infections, there is a high prevalence of risky sexual behavior among Ugandan university students. It has been assumed that alcohol contributes to risky sexual behavior. However, perhaps owing to methodological issues, this relationship has found only mixed support in empirical research. The present study analyzes the association between alcoh

The shortage of He-3 isotope to be used as optimum neutron absorber in various neutron detection applications is considered. Here we present some general requirements in different applications to introduce more specialized papers which describe recent progresses. Considering that the neutron detection is important in a very wide range of applications we cannot be exhaustive but we describe the mos

With more than 130,000 organizations worldwide certified according to ISO requirements, business people, regulatory authorities and other stakeholders have reason to wonder whether the purpose of ISO 14001, which is to help improve environmental performance, is being fulfilled. There is a growing body of literature attempting to answer this question. The results, however, are inconclusive. This m

Strategic change, infused with new data, perspectives and concepts may change the inherent meaning of the central tenets in an existing strategy. It taps into the cognitive aspects of a journey where language, in verbal and written form, aids in the process of communicating, understanding and creating new meaning. Hence, it comes as no surprise that communication is argued to be an important means

Rewetting a dry soil can result in two response patterns of bacterial growth and respiration. In type 1, bacterial growth starts to increase linearly immediately upon rewetting and respiration rates are highest immediately upon rewetting. In type 2, bacterial growth starts to increase exponentially after a lag period with a secondary increase in respiration occurring at the start of the exponentia

Background. Observational studies have suggested that BCG may have nonspecific beneficial effects on survival. Low-birth-weight (LBW) children are not given BCG at birth in Guinea-Bissau; we conducted a randomized trial of BCG at birth (early BCG) vs delayed BCG. Methods. In the period 2004-2008 we recruited 2320 LBW children in Bissau. The children were visited at home at 2, 6, and 12 months of a

Popular Abstract in Swedish Övervikt och fetma fortsätter öka världen över, och har redan nått enorma proportioner. Med dessa tillstånd följer en rad sjukdomar, så som diabetes typ 2, hjärtoch kärlsjukdomar och en del cancersjukdomar. Idag är det globalt sett fler människor som dör av fetma och de sjukdomar som är relaterade till övervikt, än som dör av undervikt och svält. Övervikt orsakas främstThe incidence of overweight and obesity has reached alarming proportions. Today, overweight, obesity and the metabolic diseases cause more death than starvation. To counteract an increasing body weight gain, regulation of appetite and a controlled food intake is of greatest importance. Simply put, body weight is regulated by the amount of energy ingested, and the amount of energy expended. In toda

Sex hormones play a key role in the development of breast cancer. Certain polymorphic variants (SNPs and repeat polymorphisms) in hormone-related genes are associated with sex hormone levels. However, the relationship observed between these genetic variants and breast cancer risk has been inconsistent. We conducted a case-control study nested within two prospective cohorts to assess the relationsh