Photosystem II utilizes solar energy to drive electrons from the Mn cluster at the lumenal side to the quinone at the stromal side of the thylakoid membrane. The source of electrons is H2O, which is split to oxygen by the OEC. The water-splitting process involves cycling of the Mn-cluster through four semi-stable oxidation states, termed the S0, S1, S2, and S3 states. The OEC can be trapped in the

Populärvetenskaplig introduktion till filmens historia, tekniska och konstnärliga utveckling, genrer samt till de mest betydande filmproducerande länderna.

Popular Abstract in Swedish Förbränning av fossila bränslen som bensin, kol, olja och naturgas orsakar att koldioxid ackumuleras i atmosfären, vilket är en av orsakerna till global uppvärmning. Transportsektorn står för största delen av Sveriges användning av bensin och olja. Oljan är importerad från andra länder, som gör oss väldigt beroende av omvärlden. Ett av de mest lovande alternativa bränslTransportation fuels from renewable resources such as ethanol are one of the alternatives to ensure energy security and decrease the net emission of carbon dioxide. First-generation ethanol production from sugar- and starch-based raw materials (1G) is today well established in many countries, and the focus of research has thus shifted to the development and demonstration of the production of secon

In the last decade 3D technologies have become a very effective means for managing and interpreting archaeological data. A better way to perceive, understand and communicate Cultural Heritage has been achieved through VR applications, which have enabled archaeologists both to make reconstructions of original landscapes and to put artifacts in their original context. Furthermore, the astonishing gr

The paper is an investigation of the concept "word".

Pronunciation, morphology and syntax of modern Swedish.

We are concerned with software that can self-adapt to satisfy certain reliability requirements, in spite of adverse changes affecting the environment in which it is embedded. Self-adapting software architectures are heavily based on dynamic binding. The bindings among components are dynamically set as the conditions that require a self-adaptation are discovered during the system's lifetime. By ado

Together with reaction time (RT), the force with which people respond to stimuli can provide important clues about cognitive and affective processes. We discuss some of the issues surrounding the accurate measurement and interpretation of response force, and present a response key by which response force can be measured regularly and unobtrusively in RT research. The advantage of the response key

According to John Meier, the identity of the historical Jesus was shaped by early Jewish understandings of the prophet Elijah. This article assesses five points of alleged similarity between Jesus and Elijah and draws attention to two neglected distinctions: the distinction between the earthly Elijah and the eschatological one, and the distinction between the formative and interpretative functions

Water vapor condensation and two-phase flow appear in plate heat exchangers being used as condensers. Analysis of water phase change and flow dynamics is an important but complicated task due to large change in water physical/transport properties across the water liquid-vapor interface boundary. In particular, a singular-link behaviour in Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations is present due to the large s