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This paper introduces the notion of surprising institutions. We often carry incorrect beliefs about the world surrounding us and we are often mistaken about the nature of the institutional structure. The case story in this paper shows that an institution may come as a surprise, even though its origins lies some 500 years back, and that the information we receive as feedback on our actions does not

Popular Abstract in Swedish Ett ökade förbrukningen av fossila bränslen kommer att accelerera den globala uppvärmningen med oöverskådlig inverkan på oss och vår miljö. Utvecklingen av alternativa, förnybara och miljömässigt rena energiformer är därför helt essentiell. En möjlig lösning är att skapa artificiell fotosyntes, där solenergi omvandlas till bränsle (till exempel vätgas) i en process där A continuing use of fossil fuels will accelerate global warning and result in severe consequences for the environment and thereby also us. Development of alternative, sustainable and environmentally friendly energy sources is therefore crucial. One approach is to create an artificial photosynthetic system that converts sunshine into fuel (e.g. hydrogen gas) by splitting water molecules. However, i

The critical effect of load representation in voltage stability studies is discussed in this paper. Under the same conditions in the system, the load representation will affect the location of the operating point in a P-V curve representation, leading the system closer to or further from the collapse point. The use of dynamic load models in voltage stability studies is motivated, especially in tho

Currently biofuels have strong political support, both in the EU and Sweden. The EU has, for example, set a target for the use of renewable fuels in the transportation sector stating that all EU member states should use 10% renewable fuels for transport by 2020. Fulfilling this ambition will lead to an enormous market for biofuels during the coming decade. To avoid increasing production of biofuel

Vilka faktorer skall man prioritera i samhällsplanering? Hur skall man analysera dem? Hur hänger olika faktorer samman? Hur skall man arbeta med sociala dimensioner som verktyg i planering? De prioriterade sociala dimensionerna i bostadsplanering har formulerats som allsidig demografisk struktur, rimliga omflyttningstal och attraktiva boendekvaliteter. I skriften analyseras planeringsstrategier kr

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In Sweden, extensive research is conducted to find alternative sources of energy that should partly replace the electric power production from nuclear power. With the ambition to create a sustainable system for producing energy, the use of renewable energy is expected to grow further and biofuels are expected to account for a significant part of this increase. However, when biofuels are burned or

This chapter provides the first all-European overview of diverse aspects of living standards in a period when industrialisation and modernity began to show up in substantial improvements in general living conditions. Most obvious is this seen in the increase of life expectancy. A substantial contribution came from the decline in infant mortality which occurred almost simultaneously over large part