Rationale: Allergic asthma is linked to impaired bronchial epithelial secretion of IFNs, which may be causally linked to the increased risk of viral exacerbations. We have previously shown that allergen immunotherapy (AIT) effectively reduces asthma exacerbations and prevents respiratory infections requiring antibiotics; however, whether AIT alters antiviral immunity is still unknown. Objectives:

The novel promoter system iodine monochloride/silver trifluoromethanesulfonate (ICl/AgOTf) was evaluated with various thioglycoside donors and saccharide acceptors, and O-glycosides were obtained in 46−82% yield. Several practical advantages of the ICl/AgOTf system over known promoter systems were observed, such as convenient handling of the reagents and absence of byproducts related to N-succinim

In order to expand the recognition code by hairpin polyamides to include DNA sequences of the type 5′-CWWC-3′ two polyamides, PyPyPyPy-(R)H2Nγ-ImPyPyIm-β-Dp (1) and PyPyPyPy-(R)H2Nγ-ImPy-β-Im-β-Dp (2) were synthesized which have in common an Py/Im pair in the terminal position for targeting C·G but differ with respect to internal placement of a β-alanine residue. The equilibrium association consta

Boron trifluoride etherate-induced glucosylation of methanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 2-bromoethanol, and 3-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)propan-1-ol, using 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranose as donor, gave the corresponding β-glucopyranosides. The α-glucosides and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranose were formed as byproducts in varying amounts, according to GLC analysis. The propensity of t

The minimum energy conformations of the four sterically reasonable SLex and SLea lactones were calculated using the molecular mechanics force-field MM2(91). The tetrasaccharide lactone involving the 3- and 2-position of the Gal moiety was found to be more stable than the 3,4-lactone both for SLex and SLea. © 1994.

A series of conformationally restricted 0-, C-, S-, and N-“furanosides” have been synthesized, where the number 3 and 4 carbons are part of a norbornane ring system. All the carbons of the tetrahydrofuran ring are kept in one plane by the rigid norbornane skeleton, permitting only the ring oxygen to move above or below the tetrahydrofuran ring plane. This causes the substituents on carbon 2 to occ

(Trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside and (trimethylsilyl)ethyl 2,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-4-O-(2,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-4-O-[2-acetamido-4,6-di-O-ace tyl-2- deoxy-3-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-beta-D- galactopyranosyl]-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside have been transformed in high yield into the corresponding 1-O-beta-acyl saccharides by treat

This article proposes a dual-band, frequency- and polarization-selective surface. Multiple resonant modes are introduced using the U-shaped resonator with a ground via to achieve dual-band responses and polarization selectivity. Two symmetrically grounded U-shaped resonators are coupled through electrically coupled apertures in a common ground, resulting in a passband with two transmission zeros p

Epistemological contextualism states that propositions about knowledge, expressed in sentences like “S knows that P,” are context-sensitive. Schaffer (2005) examines whether one of Lewis’ (1996), Cohen’s (1988) and DeRose’s (1995) influential contextualist accounts is preferable to the others. According to Schaffer, Lewis’ theory of relevant alternatives succeeds as a linguistic basis for contextu