Denna uppsats undersöker Achmea-domen som meddelades 6e mars 2018. Uppsatsens undersöker Achmea-domens innehåll och rättsliga betydelse enligt den debatt som den resulterat i. Undersökningen inkluderar debatten om rättsläget för skiljeklausuler enligt BIT mellan EU-länder efter domen. Bilaterala investeringsavtal (BIT) sluts mellan två länder i syfte att främja investeringar över gränserna. I desThis paper examines the Achmea Judgement that the Court of Justice European Union (CJEU) Grand Chamber ruled the 6th of March 2018. This paper deals with the context of Achmea Judgement and the debate that has been the result of the Judgement. The debate is regarding the Judgments legal significance and potential consequences for Investor-State Arbitration within the EU. Bilateral Investment Agr

Skatteverket släppte 2017 en promemoria som föreslog en förändring av arbetsgivarbegreppet. Det har lett till en diskussion om hur beskattning av begränsat skattskyldiga bör regleras och hur nuvarande reglering påverkar den inre arbetsmarknaden i Sverige. Sverige har årligen ett stort antal arbetstagare som undgår beskattning på grund av undantagsregeln i SINK och i det nordiska skatteavtalet. DenIn 2017, the Swedish Tax Agency, Skatteverket, released a memorandum that suggested a change in the employer approach. This has led to a discussion on how taxation of limited taxpayers should be regulated and how the current tax affects the internal labor market in Sweden. Every year, Sweden has a large number of employees who avoid taxation because of the exception rule in SINK and in the Nordic

Att kontrollera tillverkningen av proteiner med hjälp av induktorn IPTG är mycket viktigt för såväl industrin som forskare. Med hjälp av automatisk provtagningsutrustning var målet med det här arbetet att kunna minimera användningen av dyra kemikalier och mycket riktigt verkar det gå att minska mängden IPTG i proteinproduktion.The induction of recombinant expression in bioprocesses is associated with high costs, but still suffers from unoptimised standard procedures with high use of IPTG. A flow-based online method for enzymatic analysis of recombinant expression in E. coli could greatly help in mapping induction behaviour, and assembly and programming of a FlowSystem for automatic sampling was done. The process was nev

Tidigare forskning visar att distansstudier vid högskolor och universitet har blivit allt vanligare. Den tidigare forskningen visar även att denna form av studier är vanligare hos individer från ett arbetarklasshem samt hos individer med föräldrar/vårdnadshavare som saknar högre studier. Syftet med denna studie var att utöka kunskapen kring distansstudier som en möjlighet till social rörlighet.

The determination of the built-up area of a refugee camp is an important task as it can be used for estimating the population. While high resolution satellite imagery can be costly, since 2015 Sentinel-2 data has become available through the European Space Agency. Sentinel-2 offers 10 m resolution images with frequents updates. In this paper three methodologies are compared for the purpose of esti

The purpose of this paper is to examine if it is possible to profitably implement a market neutral trading strategy, so-called "pairs trading", on three different Swedish investment companies. It can be concluded that applying a pairs trading strategy on [these three] Swedish investment companies and their underlying listed assets has the potential to beat the market Sharpe ratio. Howeve

Motivation och meningsfullhet är det som driver oss framåt. Genom att ställa klassiska teorier mot resultat som samlats in via enkätintervjuer var syftet med denna studie att undersöka hur ett 20 tal personer som är aktiva i arbetslivet känner en meningsfullhet och vilka faktorer som gör att de upplever motivation i sitt arbete. För datainsamling av det empiriska materialet genomfördes enkätinterv

The overall purpose of this thesis is to enrich the existing knowledge base by understanding how the audit practice is changing with the implementation of technological tools such as BDA and RPA. In addition, this thesis identifies and analyses what are the barriers holding back the audit profession from a wider use of technology in the audit.

Influencer marketing är ett relativt outforskat område vars regleringar ännu inte är helt klarlagda. På grund av den snabba digitala teknikutvecklingen har marknadsföring på sociala medier blivit en avgörande marknadsföringsmetod. Företag använder sig i stor utsträckning av influencers och deras plattformar för att marknadsföra sig och sina produkter eller tjänster. Detta har lett till en bransch As technology moves forward, marketing methods follow and influencer marketing is the most prominent one today, being a rather unexplored part of marketing, lacking clear legislation. Hence, companies use influencers and their platforms to advertise their products and services leading to a line of business where the legal aspect is obscure. The purpose of this essay is to investigate and illumin

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur kompositionsprocessen kan se ut för tre skånska kompositörer av instrumental jazzmusik. Studien utfördes genom individuella intervjuer. Samtliga informanter har skrivit längre svitliknande musik för stora ensembler. Hur relaterar deras musik och process till deras personliga bakgrund som kompositörer? Hur ser arbetsföljden ut när det gäller de olika momentenThe purpose of this study is to investigate how three professional jazz composers describe their process when composing instrumental jazz music. The study was carried out through interviews with three composers based in the south of Sweden, who had all composed extended suite-like pieces for large ensembles. How does their music and process relate to their personal background as composers? What is

How different are you? In the world oceans, seagrass meadows are common and an important habitat. Their presence reduces carbon levels from the atmosphere and increases the number of different animals which improves biodiversity. Yet, seagrass meadows are highly threated. In Sweden, there are several reasons for their loss mainly related to human activities such as constructions close to the coas

Title: CEO Narcissism, Divestitures, and Shareholder Value: A Study on the Nordic Market Seminar date: 2019-06-03 Course: BUSN79, Degree project in Accounting & Finance, Graduate level, 15 ECTS-credits Authors: Alan Alfat, Christian Erlandsson Advisor: Håkan Jankensgård Keywords: Narcissism, Divestitures, event-study, CAR, BHAR Purpose: This study aims to investigate whether CEO Narcissi

Vi lever idag i ett digitalt samhälle. Du använder förmodligen själv dagligen olika program och även om all mjukvara i slutändan består av ettor och nollor finns det allt som oftast en person bakom varje program som tagit fram den, en utvecklare. Programmerare tar ofta hjälp från så kallade mjukvaruplattformar. Dessa riktar sig inte direkt mot vanliga användare, utan mot just utvecklare av mjukvaThis research report was carried out in collaboration with Qlik AB and aimed to identify what aspects are needed from a software platform in order for developers to want to use them. It also aimed to identify how well the software platform Qlik Core had implemented these aspects. The research used online questionnaires, interviews and data analysis using Qlik Sense. The research compared how diffe

It has for long been known that dark matter must exist in our universe. Despite massive efforts to detect dark matter, its constituents remain a mystery. One strategy to unveil this mystery is to produce dark matter by colliding Standard Model particles. The most common signature of dark matter production is an excess of missing transverse energy, MET. Such an event would be very rare, which is wh

In many cities around the world, the financial crisis 2007 served as an opportunity both for grassroots movements and governments to rethink existing models of urban development. Some authors have pointed out that the crisis served to elevate discourses for progressive post-neoliberal urban transformations. Other, more sceptical accounts have pointed at the shift towards participative, networked g

In this thesis we propose a new form of Variational Autoencoder called the Conditional Latent Space Variational Autoencoder or CL-VAE. By conditioning on a known label in a dataset we can decide what points are being mapped to what prior distribution. This makes the latent space more understandable and separates the classes further. It also subverts the tug-of-war effect between reconstruction los

Balanseringsprincipen är en metod av ekologisk kompensation som används i Helsingborg och går ut på att kompensera förlorade naturvärden (t.ex. träd, buskar) och sociala värden (t.ex. lekplats, sport) vid stadsutbyggnad. Den här studiens resultat tyder på att metoden som tillämpas idag är otillräcklig och pekar på ett flertal förbättringsområden. Framför allt krävs det ett tydligt mål med metoden In the context of continuous biodiversity loss connected to land-use changes and urban development, different methods such as biodiversity offsetting with the underlying aim of achieving “No Net Loss” (NNL) of biodiversity has been proposed. Compensation according to the mitigation hierarchy is one type of biodiversity offsetting which currently is being used in the municipality of Helsingborg, Sw

Årligen i Sverige, förlorar stora mängder material stora delar av sitt ekonomiska värde på grund av ineffektiv materialåtervinning. I den vanliga linjära ekonomin är materialåtervinning inte prioriterat medan i den cirkulära ekonomin är återvinning en viktig del. PolyPlank har med sitt eget polyplankmaterial byggt upp sin verksamhet baserat på den cirkulära ekonomins principer. PolyplankmaterialetYearly in Sweden, large quantities of material lose much of their monetary value due to poor material recycling efficiency. In the common linear economy, material recycling is not prioritized, however within a circular economy recycling is a vital part. PolyPlank has with their own polyplank material built their company based on the principles of the circular economy. Their polyplank material is a

Almost half the Danish population report that they have undertaken action(s) with the main purpose to lower their personal greenhouse gas emissions within the last three years. It has become “in” to be green, yet certain practices are perceived as “better” than others although they do not necessarily result in a lowered environmental impact. Why is that? Data from seven semi-structured interviews