In 2000, the stream cipher SNOW was proposed. A few attacks followed, indicating certain weaknesses in the design. In this paper we propose a new version of SNOW, called SNOW 2.0. The new version of the cipher does not only appear to be more secure, but its implementation is also a bit faster in software.

The classic Sherman-Lauricella integral equation and an integral equation due to Muskhelishvili for the interior stress problem are modified. The modified formulations differ from the classic ones in several respects: Both modifications are based on uniqueness conditions with clear physical interpretations and, more importantly, they do not require the arbitrary placement of a point inside the com

The purpose of the study was to explore the encounters with the health care system in Sweden of women from Somalia, Eritrea, and Sudan who have been genitally cut. A qualitative study was performed through interviews with 22 women originally from Somalia, Sudan, and Eritrea who were living in Sweden. The women experienced being different and vulnerable, suffering from being abandoned and mutilated

Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) experiments are normally pursued for range resolved atmospheric gas measurements or for analysis of solid target surfaces using fluorescence of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. In contrast, we now demonstrate the monitoring of free gas enclosed in pores of materials, subject to impinging laser radiation, employing the photons emerging back to the surface la

Carvedilol, an antihypertensive drug with activity on adrenoceptors as well as on calcium channel activity, has recently been introduced. In the present study we investigated whether carvedilol interacts with the cytotoxicity induced by irradiation in vitro as well as in vivo. A daily injection of carvedilol in clinically relevant concentrations (3 mg/kg subcutaneously), 4 days before and 3 days a

Background The Medical School of Lund University, Sweden, has introduced an early patient contact course, including training in communication and examination skills. The course runs parallel with theoretical subjects during the students' first two-and-a-half years. General practitioner (GP) participation is gradually increasing, and in the last half-year of the course GPs in all health centres in

Background and study aim: Small-bowel tumors account for 1%-3% of all gastrointestinal neoplasms. Recent studies with video capsule endoscopy (VCE) suggest that the frequency of these tumors may be substantially higher than previously reported. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency, clinical presentation, diagnostic/therapeutic work-up, and endoscopic appearance of small-bowel tumors

We demonstrate the assembly of nanoscale ferromagnetic single-electron transistors using atomic force microscopy for imaging as well as for nanoscale manipulation. A single 30 nm Au disc, forming the central island of the transistor, is manipulated with angstrom precision into the gap between a plasma-oxidized Ni source and drain electrodes. The tunnel resistances can be tuned in real time during

OBJECTIVES: To study whether intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with decreased sensitivity to the main fetal growth factor, insulin, and the effect of glucocorticoid therapy on insulin sensitivity in preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN: Newborn infants with a birth weight (BW) of< 1500 g were classified as appropriate for gestational age ([AGA], BW within +/- 1 SD, n = 10), or small fo

The allocation and cycling of carbon (C) within forests is an important component of the biospheric C cycle, but is particularly understudied within tropical forests. We synthesise reported and unpublished results from three lowland rainforest sites in Amazonia (in the regions of Manaus, Tapajos and Caxiuana), all major sites of the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Programme (LBA). We attempt a co

The authors investigated a possible contextual effect of neighborhood on individual use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and antihypertensive medication (AHM) and the impact of neighborhood social participation on individual use of these medications. They attempted to disentangle contextual from individual influences. Multilevel logistic regression modeling was used to analyze data on 15,456 w

In this study, we evaluated the possible use of lentiviral vectors in the treatment of neuropathic pain. We chose to administer GDNF-expressing vectors because of the known beneficial effect of this trophic factor in alleviation of neuropathic pain in adult rodents. Lentiviral vectors expressing either GDNF or control, green fluorescent protein or beta-galactosidase, were injected unilaterally int

Conidia of Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium frequentans and sporangiospores of Rhizopus rhizopodiformis, Rhizomucor pusillus, and Mucor racemosus were subjected to partition in aqueous polymer two-phase systems. The partition behavior differed drastically between the conidia of the two Penicillium species and the sporangiospores of the three species of phycomycetes. This difference in parti

PID controller design is considered where optimal controllerparametersare found with constraint on maximum sensitivity and robustness withregard to a cone bounded static nonlinearity acting in feedback withpart of the plant. Thedesign procedure has been successfully applied in the synthesis of acontroller for an Anti-lock Braking System (ABS).

The intrinsic spin Hall effect on spin accumulation and electric conductance in a diffusive regime of a 2D electron gas has been studied for a 2D strip of a finite width. It is shown that the spin polarization near the flanks of the strip, as well as the electric current in the longitudinal direction, exhibit damped oscillations as a function of the width and strength of the Dresselhaus spin-orbit

Software packages are widely used for quantification of myocardial perfusion defects. The quantification is used to assist the physician in his/her interpretation of the study. The purpose of this study was to compare the quantification of reversible perfusion defects by three different commercially available software packages. We included 50 consecutive patients who underwent myocardial perfusion