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The diagnostic challenge of suspicious or positive malignant urine cytology findings when cystoscopy findings are normal : an outpatient blue-light flexible cystoscopy may solve the problem

PURPOSE: To investigate whether outpatient blue-light flexible cystoscopy could solve the diagnostic challenge of positive or suspicious urine cytology findings despite normal white-light flexible cystoscopy results and normal findings on computerized tomography urography, in patients investigated for urothelial cancer.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a multicentre study, a total of 70 examinations were p

Continuous Loss of Global Lake Ice Across Two Centuries Revealed by Satellite Observations and Numerical Modeling

Lake ice loss has been detected worldwide due to recent climate warming, yet spatially and temporally detailed information on the changes in global ice phenology does not exist. Here, we build a global lake ice phenology database comprising three lake ice phenologies—freeze-up, break-up, and ice duration—for each year across two centuries (1900–2099). The timing of all three phenologies experience

Added sugar intake and its forms and sources in relation to risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease : results from the Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health cohort study

It has been suggested that added sugar intake is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, previous studies only focused on sugar-sweetened beverages; the evidence for associations with total added sugars and their sources is scarce. This study aimed to examine the associations of total added sugars, their physical forms (liquid vs. solid), and food sources with risk of N

Nationwide observational study of incidence, management and outcome of spontaneous coronary artery dissection : a report from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty register

Objectives The aim of this study was to conduct a nationwide all comer description of incidence, contemporary management and outcome in Swedish spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) patients. The incidence of SCAD as well as the management and outcome of these patients is not well described. Design A nationwide observational study. Participants and setting All patients with SCAD registered

Scalable and flexible inference framework for stochastic dynamic single-cell models

Understanding the inherited nature of how biological processes dynamically change over time and exhibit intra- and inter-individual variability, due to the different responses to environmental stimuli and when interacting with other processes, has been a major focus of systems biology. The rise of single-cell fluorescent microscopy has enabled the study of those phenomena. The analysis of single-c

International Variation in Surgical Practices in Units Performing Oesophagectomy for Oesophageal Cancer : A Unit Survey from the Oesophago-Gastric Anastomosis Audit (OGAA)

BACKGROUND: Anastomotic leaks are associated with significant risk of morbidity, mortality and treatment costs after oesophagectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate international variation in unit-level clinical practice and resource availability for the prevention and management of anastomotic leak following oesophagectomy.METHOD: The Oesophago-Gastric Anastomosis Audit (OGAA) is an interna

Design and Evaluation of Three User Interfaces for Detecting Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Virtual Reality

Regulations restrict UAVs to fly only within direct view of the pilot, limiting their ability to support critical societal functions. One potential way to move beyond this limitation is by placing a 360-degree camera on the vehicle and using its feed to provide operators with a view that is the equivalent to being on the vehicle. This necessitates a cockpit user interface (UI) that amongst other t

Rethinking authority in global climate governance : How transnational climate initiatives relate to the international climate regime

In the past few years, numerous authors have highlighted the emergence of transnational climate initiatives, such as city networks, private certification schemes, and business self-regulation in the policy domain of climate change. While these transnational governance arrangements can surely contribute to solving the problem of climate change, their development by different types of sub- and non-s

Extended genetic diagnostics for children with profound sensorineural hearing loss by implementing massive parallel sequencing. Diagnostic outcome, family experience and clinical implementation

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate genetic outcomes, analyze the family experience, and describe the process of implementing genetic sequencing for children with profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) at a tertial audiological center in southern Sweden. Design: This is a prospective pilot study including eleven children with profound bilateral SNHL who underwent cochlear impl

Willingness to HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening and its predictors among women attending outpatient clinics in Meru District, Arusha Region, Northern Tanzania

Background: The ability for women to self-collect human papillomavirus (HPV) samples can potentially reduce the risk of cervical cancer and increase screening coverage. Objectives: To assess the willingness to HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening and its predictors among women attending outpatient clinics in Arusha region, northern Tanzania. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional stu

Predictors of colorectal cancer survival using cox regression and random survival forests models based on gene expression data

Understanding and identifying the markers and clinical information that are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) patient survival is needed for early detection and diagnosis. In this work, we aimed to build a simple model using Cox proportional hazards (PH) and random survival forest (RSF) and find a robust signature for predicting CRC overall survival. We used stepwise regression to develop Co

Trends and factors associated with repeated adolescent pregnancies in Tanzania from 2004-2016 : Evidence from tanzania demographic and health surveys

Introduction: a repeated pregnancy represents a failure of health and social systems to educate and provide the necessary services and skills to ensure adolescent girls do not experience any further unwanted pregnancies during this young age. We aimed to determine trends and factors associated with repeated adolescent pregnancies in Tanzania 2004-2016. Methods: an analytical cross-sectional study

Time to cessation of exclusive breastfeeding and associated factors among women with children aged 6–24 months in Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania : A community-based cross-sectional study

Background Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) up to six months is sub-optimal globally. Tanzania has surpassed the World Health Assembly (WHA) target of increasing the rate of exclusive breastfeeding among children below six months to at least 50% by the year 2025 the median age of cessation of EBF is only three months. Objective To determine the time to cessation of exclusive breastfeeding and its ass

Community engagement in COVID-19 prevention: Experiences from Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania

Prevention of exposure to the COVID-19 virus in the general population is an essential strategy to slow community transmission. This paper shares the experiences and challenges of community engagement in COVID-19 prevention in the Kilimanjaro region, Northern Tanzania implemented by our team from the Institute of Public Health (IPH), Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo) in col

Trends and predictors of changes in modern contraceptive use among women aged 15-49 years in Tanzania from 2004-2016 : Evidence from Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys

Modern contraceptive use provides opportunities for women and couples to achieve optimal child spacing, achieve desired family size and reduce unsafe abortions. Despite these facts, modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) in Tanzania remains as low as 32%. This study aimed to determine trends and factors associated with changes in modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Tan

Incidence and recurrence risk of low birth weight in Northern Tanzania : A registry based study

Background Low birth weight (LBW) is an important indicator of newborn survival. It is associated with higher risk of morbidity, mortality and long-term health consequences. Little has been done on incidence and recurrence risk of LBW in developing countries including Tanzania. This study aimed to determine the incidence and recurrence risk of LBW among women who delivered at Kilimanjaro Christian