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Aim: This study aimed to investigate levels of Homocysteine (tHcy) and folate in a population-based sample of patients with type 2 diabetes. In particular, the study explored modifiable determinants such as treatment for diabetes, life style, glucose control and kidney function. Patients and methods: In a community-based surveillance of patients with type 2 diabetes, 196 men and 191 women were con

Due to an ageing population the numbers of patients with hip fractures are increasing. They often suffer from concomitant diseases and are therefore prone to be affected by complications such as pressure ulcers. The prevention of pressure ulcers among patients with a hip fracture is crucial. The aim of this study was to improve the quality of care and patient safety in patients with a hip fracture

Heart failure is a major concern to health care providers in Sweden due to its increasing prevalence and the rising health care costs. Heart failure affects more than 160000 Swedes, approximately 2% of the population. The costs for the management of heart failure have been calculated to be approximately SEK 2.500 million (Euro 275 million) which is 2% of the total health care budget. Most heart fa

Lyapunov's second theorem is a standard tool for stability analysis of ordinary differential equations. Here we introduce a theorem which can be viewed as a dual to Lyapunov's result. From existence of a scalar function satisfying certain inequalities it follows that “almost all trajectories” of the system tend to zero. The scalar function has a physical interpretation as the stationary density of

Enhanced fibrinolytic reperfusion therapy may improve the outcome in embolic stroke, where ultrasound exposure has been shown to be one option. We recently verified that the fibrinolytic properties of streptokinase were modulated following ultrasound exposure of the molecule. We have now explored this possibility following ultrasound exposure of the reteplase molecule. The effects on clot lysis of

In several theories of the function of the cerebellum in motor control, the mossy-fiber-parallel fiber input has been suggested to provide information used in the control of ongoing movements whereas the role of climbing fibers is to induce plastic changes of parallel fiber (PF) synapses on Purkinje cells. From studies of climbing fibers during the last few decades, we have gained detailed knowled

The relative proportion of stroma lamellae and grana end membranes was determined from electron micrographs of 58 chloroplasts from 21 different plant species. The percentage of grana end membranes varied between 1 and 21% of the total thylakoid membrane indicating a large variation in the size of grana stacks. By contrast the stroma lamellae account for 20.3 +/- 2.5 (SD)% of the total thylakoid m

A novel artificial neural network heuristic (INN) for general constraint satisfaction problems is presented. extending a recently suggested method restricted to boolean variables. In contrast to conventional ANN methods, it employs a particular type of non-polynomial cost function, based on the information balance between variables and constraints in a mean-field setting. Implemented as an anneali

An integrated IT technology, characterized by a change in information support from a strong specialization towards greater integration has been introduced within the surveying company in Sweden. The aim of this study is to compare and describe effects of the transition to this new information technology in relation to job and organizational characteristics and effectiveness and well-being measures

A traumatic brain injury (TBI) extensively affects the injured person's daily life. Research based on the perspectives of people with TBI can increase understanding of the challenges they face and the possibility of supporting them in managing their lives. The aim of this study was to elucidate the meaning of living with TBI as narrated by the people with moderate or severe TBI. The data were coll

Objective and design Chemotaxis of neutrophils from blood to the inflammation process plays an important role in development of periodontal inflammation. The novel chemokine GRO alpha, also named CXCL1, is a strong chemoattractant for neutrophils. Data on production and regulation of GRO alpha by oral fibroblasts have not previously been presented. Materials and methods GRO alpha mRNA and protein

The protein alpha-synuclein is central to the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) but its role in the development of neurodegeneration remains unclear. alpha-Synuclein-knockout mice develop without gross abnormality and are resistant to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a mitochondrial inhibitor widely used to model parkinsonism. Here we show that differentiated human do

We propose a multidimensional continuum model for heterogeneous growth of biofilm systems with multiple species and multiple substrates. The new model provides a deterministic framework for the study of the interactions between several species and their effects on biofilm heterogeneity. It consists of a system of partial differential equations derived on the basis of conservation laws and reaction

Given an arbitrary real constant epsilon > 0, and a geometric graph G in d-dimensional Euclidean space with n points, O(n) edges, and constant dilation, our main result is a data structure that answers (1 + epsilon)-approximate shortest-path-length queries in constant time. The data structure can be constructed in O( n log n) time using O( n log n) space. This represents the first data structure t

Aggregation-prone proteins have been suggested to overwhelm and impair the ubiquitin/proteasome system (UPS) in polyglutamine (polyQ) disorders, such as Huntington's disease (HD). Overexpression of an N-terminal fragment of mutant huntingtin (N-mutHtt), an aggregation-prone polyQ protein responsible for HD, obstructs the UPS in cellular models. Furthermore, based on the accumulation of polyubiquit

To provide a basis for the interpretation of past climatic conditions from Quaternary leaf records, leaf carbon isotope (delta C-13) results are presented for 12 northern European dwarf-shrub, shrub and tree species growing across a network of 18 sites in northern Scandinavia. The role of micro-habitat (hummock/hollow) on carbon isotope trends is explored in addition to a comparison of the carbon

Using a simple hydrophobic/polar protein model, we perform a Monte Carlo study of the thermodynamics and kinetics of binding to a target structure for two closely related sequences, one of which has a unique folded state while the other is unstructured. We obtain significant differences in their binding behavior. The stable sequence has rigid docking as its preferred binding mode, while the unstru