An experimental approach to verify the forward scattering sum rule for periodic structures is presented. This approach allows an upper bound on the total cross section integrated over a bandwidth from a simple static problem to be found. Based on energy conservation, the optical theorem is used to construct a relation between the total cross section and the forward scattering of periodic structure

Image processing is one of the popular applications of Cellular Neural Networks. Macro enriched field-programmable gate-arrays can be used to realize such systems on silicon. At first glance a pipelined approach, based on circuit switching, seems promising. The digital implementation supports the handling of grey-level images at 180 to 240 Mpixels per second by exploiting the Xilinx Virtex-II macr

Experiments have shown that the time is now ripe for a new generation of interactive learning tools for control. The tools are based on objects which admit direct graphical manipulation. During manipulations, objects are updated instantaneously, so that relations between objects are maintained all the time. The tools are natural complements to traditional education, and allow students to quickly g

Popular Abstract in Swedish Trycksatt fluidiserande bädd förgasning är ett effektivt sätt för att omvandla biomassa till en gas som kan användas i olika tillämpningar: som bränsle till gasturbiner och förbränningsmotorer, som råvara till kemikalieproduktion eller som bas i tillverkning av syntetiska drivmedel. I motsatts till rötning och jäsning lämnar termisk förgasning inga kontaminerade restproFluidised bed thermal gasification of biomass is an effective route that results in 100 % conversion of the fuel. In contrast to chemical, enzymatic or anaerobic methods of biomass treatment, the thermal conversion leaves no contaminated residue after the process. The product gas evolved within thermal conversion can be used in several applications such as: fuel for gas turbines, combustion engine

This special issue is the outcome of collaborative work on the relationship between language and landscape, carried out in the Language and Cognition Group at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics. The contributions explore the linguistic categories of landscape terms and place names in nine genetically, typologically and geographically diverse languages, drawing on data from first-hand f

This article investigates the phenomenon of 'shifts in desire' amongst students of gender studies at five universities in Sweden. Taking its starting point in a fascination of the subversive political potential of challenging the predominant discourse of sexual essentialism it examines which aspects of gender studies my informants attach importance to when relating them to their shifts in desire.

We report detections of weak emission lines in main sequence B starspectra observed at high spectral resolution and high signal-to-noiseratio. The emission lines originate from highly excited states ofsingle-ionized species. The mechanism for populating these excitedstates is currently under investigation and the results may have asignificant bearing upon our understanding of the outermost atmosph

In a case study, comprising 1177 residential apartments with 3248 rooms, temperature registrations every 15th minute in all living-rooms and bedrooms, during one year, in the system for individual metering and billing of space heating costs, were analyzed. The apartments were divided into two categories, apartment blocks from 1960th and row houses from about 1990. Apartments mean temperatures and