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I Sverige är biodrivmedel befriade från energi- och koldioxidskatt förutsatt att drivmedlet uppfyller hållbarhetskriterierna i EU:s direktiv om främjande av användningen av energi från förnybara energikällor. Ett av kriterierna är att användningen av biodrivmedlet måste leda till minskade emissioner av växthusgaser jämfört med fossila bränslen. Utsläppsreduktionen ska beräknas på det sätt som ange

In modern day industry, robots are indispensable for achieving high production rates and competitiveness. In small and medium scale enterprises, where the production may shift rapidly, it is vital to be able to reprogram robots quickly. Kinesthetic teaching, also known as lead-through programming (LTP), provides a fast approach for teaching a trajectory. In this approach, a trajectory is demonstra

THz absorption spectra have been recorded for the weakly bound molecular complexes of H2O with C2H4 and C2H2 embedded in cryogenic neon matrices at 2.8 K. The observation and assignment of a large-amplitude acceptor OH librational mode of the C2H2 - H2O complex at 145.5 cm−1 confirms an intermolecular CH⋯O hydrogen-bonded configuration of C2v symmetry with the H2O subunit acting as the hydrogen bo

Using PCR, the complete mitochondrial genome was sequenced in three frillneck lizards (Chlamydosaurus kingii). The mitochondria spanned over 16,761 bp. As in other vertebrates, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and 13 protein coding genes were identified. However, similar to some other squamate reptiles, two control regions (CRI and CRII) were identified, spanning 801 and 812 bp, respectively. Our res

Recent theory on sexual selection1–4 suggests that females in species without paternal care choose mates by their secondary sexual characters because these indicate genotypic quality which will be transmitted to the offspring. These ideas are not yet empiri-cally supported as data quantifying the relationship between female mate choice and female reproductive success are lacking. Only in one case,

We have previously shown that hyperhomocysteinaemia is common in elderly heart failure patients, and is associated with endothelial dysfunction, impaired vasodilatory capacity and a low-grade inflammation. In the present study we examined if supplementation with B6, B12 and folate could normalize the hyperhomocysteinaemia and if so, in turn, would improve the associated parameters. This was an ope

The literature on simulation models for multi-cylinder paper dryers is surveyed, 20 such models being reviewed. Models for intraweb heat and mass transfer are treated extensively, a separate chapter being devoted to them. In some of the models the specific physical transfer phenomena are modelled in detail, whereas in other models a more macroscopic approach is adopted. Normally the latter approac

Three types of oxygenase biocatalysts are treated in detail in this review: the non-haem iron alkene mono-oxygenases, the haem and vanadium haloperoxidases, and flavin-based Baeyer-Villiger mono-oxygenases. Other oxygenases are briefly included for comparison. Characteristics of the biocatalysts are presented, and the scope and limitations concerning their applicability for the selective introduct

We study agents situated in partially observable environments, who do not have the resources to create conformant plans. Instead, they create conditional plans which are partial, and learn from experience to choose the best of them for execution. Our agent employs an incomplete symbolic deduction system based on Active Logic and Situation Calculus for reasoning about actions and their consequences

A new, robust technique for preparing highly selective molecularly imprinted films (see Figure) is presented. Spin-coating is used to spread a pre-polymerization mixture on a substrate, which is subsequently cured with UV light. Important aspects of this technique include the use of a novel polymeric porogen dissolved in a low-volatility solvent to generate porous morphologies with enhanced bindin

Bark necrosis and resin flows in Norway spruce have increased in southern Sweden over the last few decades. Frost damage late in spring has been suggested as a possible cause, but other factors besides the climate may have contributed to the damage. The nutrient status influences the hardening processes and plants with poor nutritional conditions have an increased sensitivity to frost. In this stu

In a previous study we have shown that correction of peripheral refractive errors can improve the remaining vision of subjects with large central visual field loss. Measuring peripheral refractive errors with traditional methods is often difficult due to low visual acuity and large aberrations. Therefore a Hartmann-Shack sensor has been designed to measure peripheral wave front aberrations in subj

nterventional procedures in MRI can be performed preclinically using active or passive catheter-tracking methods. A novel passive nonproton technique is suggested that uses a catheter filled with a hyperpolarized C-13 contrast agent. A prototype three-lumen catheter was built with two closed lumens containing a flowing hyperpolarized C-13 contrast agent. Entire-length C-13 catheter projection visu

In some patients Escherichia coli strains establish significant bacteriuria without causing symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI). These asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) strains have been shown to express fewer virulence factors than the uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains that cause severe, symptomatic UTI. Paradoxically, ABU strains carry many typical UPEC virulence genes, however, and the mo

Migratory birds use celestial and geomagnetic directional information to orient on their way between breeding and wintering areas. Cue-conflict experiments involving these two orientation cue systems have shown that directional information can be transferred from one system to the other by calibration. We designed experiments with four species of North American songbirds to: (1) examine whether th

Individuals (n = 18) in remission from acute leukemia or highly malignant lymphoma were asked to narrate their lived experience of falling ill, of being under treatment, and life following this event. The transcribed texts were analyzed from a phenomenological-hermeneutic perspective, expanded by their medical and social history as related in interviews. The analysis revealed 3 themes: (I) Believe

A procedure for obtaining quantitative wave and morphodynamic data in a laboratory setting using video images has been developed. The steps include image capture, rectification, and data extraction. All the necessary steps were maintained within the MATLAB environment so the process was streamlined and large amounts of data processed. The procedure involves the use of a program to rectify images,