Background: Four principles are used to distribute payments via the Swedish social-insurance system in cases of temporary or permanent illness and death. This paper studies the redistributive effects on income of these four principles. Methods: The analysis is based on aggregate social-insurance data from the 25 municipalities that comprise Stockholm County in Sweden. For nine different types of s

The interaction between the nonionic polymer poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) of molecular weight 20 000 and surfactants of various types [sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide, octyl beta-D-glucoside, and potassium laurate] has been investigated in an aqueous solution at 25 degreesC by H-1 NMR pulsed-gradient spin-echo self-diffusion techniques. The SDS/PEO study was further c

PURPOSE: In order to increase the theoretical understanding of the concept of accessibility, this paper reports the results from an exploration of methodological difficulties inherent in systematic accessibility assessments of single persons' travel chains in urban public bus transport. In addition, Special Transport Service (STS) travellers' perception of environmental demands in public transport

The protein C system provides important control of blood coagulation by regulating the activities of factor VIIIa (FVIIIa) and factor Va(FVa), cofactors in the activation of factor X and prothrombin, respectively. The system comprises membrane-bound and circulating proteins that assemble into multi-molecular complexes on cell surfaces. Vitamin K-dependent protein C, the key component of the system

The objective of this article is. to analyse the utilization of two academic narratives about innovation policy in policy discourse by examining the policy statements issued by one Swedish agency that was specifically set up to promote innovation policy, the Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems, VINNOVA. The main findings of this analysis show that the deployment of the examined academic narrativ

HSEPI (glucuronyl C5-epimerase) catalyzes the conversion of D-glucuronic acid to L-iduronic acid in heparan sulfate (HS) biosynthesis. Disruption of the Hsepi gene in mice yielded a lethal phenotype with selective organ defects but had remarkably little effect on other organ systems. We have approached the underlying mechanisms by examining the course and effects of FGF2 signaling in a mouse embry

Objective. To evaluate if magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is superior to conventional radiography for detection of erosions in the fifth metatarsophalangeal (MTP5) joint. Methods. Within one year from the onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (baseline), one and three years thereafter MRI and conventional radiographs of the MTP5 joint were performed in 23 patients. Results. MRI revealed erosions in

We use a linear autoregressive model to describe the movement of a soil-living insect, Protaphorura armata (Collembola). Models of this kind can be viewed as extensions of a random walk, but unlike a correlated random walk, in which the speed and turning angles are independent, our model identifies and expresses the correlations between the turning angles and a variable speed. Our model uses data

The role played by histamine from enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells and mast cells in gastric acid secretion and in the development of ethanol-induced gastric lesions was studied in the rat. This was done by examining the effects of inhibition of the histamine-producing enzyme histidine decarboxylase (HDC) with alpha-fluoromethylhistidine (alpha-FMH) and the effects of degranulation of the mucosal

Two piston cores, DS97-2P from the Reykjanes Ridge in the central North Atlantic Ocean (1685 m water depth) and ENAM33 from southwest of the Faeroe Islands in the NE Atlantic (1217 m water depth), have been investigated for their planktic and benthic foraminiferal content. DS97-2P is situated near the Subarctic Front and productivity measured by accumulation rates of benthic and planktic foraminif

Tobacco smoking has been classified as a cause of cervical cancer, but the effect of different patterns of smoking on risk is unclear. The International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of Cervical Cancer has brought together and combined individual data on 13,541 women with and 23,017 women without cervical carcinoma, from 23 epidemiological studies. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidenc

Clofarabine, a next-generation deoxyadenosine analogue, was developed on the basis of experience with cladribine and fludarabine in order to achieve higher efficacy and avoid extramedullary toxicity. During the past decade this is the only drug granted approval for treatment of pediatric acute leukemia. Recent clinical studies have established the efficacy of clofarabine in treating malignancies w

Aims: Utilization of cheap and readily available agricultural residues as cheap carbon sources for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) production by Halomonas boliviensis. Methods and results: Wheat bran was hydrolysed by a crude enzyme preparation from Aspergillus oryzae NM1 to provide a mixture of reducing sugars composed mainly of glucose, mannose, xylose and arabinose. Growth of H. boliviensis using

Structure and transport properties of an oil-in-water microemulsion of weakly charged spherical micelles were studied experimentally using viscosity, NMR self-diffusion, and static and dynamic light scattering as well as theoretically by Brownian dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations and the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. The micelles contain decane covered by the nonionic surfactant pentaethylene gly

A detailed experiment on 2p photoionization and subsequent Auger decay of atomic silicon is presented. Fine-structure-resolved photoelectron and Auger electron spectra are interpreted with the aid of large-scale multiconfiguration calculations. Energy separation and the relative cross sections of the 2p ionized fine-structure states of Si+ are given. The complete 2p Auger electron spectrum of Si i