Objective. Hexaminolevulinate (HAL) is an optical imaging agent used with fluorescence cystoscopy (FC) for the detection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Guidelines from the European Association of Urology (EAU) and a recent, more detailed European expert consensus statement agree that HAL-FC has a role in improving detection of NMIBC and provide recommendations on situations for its

A determination of the single W spin density matrix (SDM) elements in the reaction e(+)e(-) -> W+W--> l nu q (q) over bar (l=e/mu) is reported at centre-of-mass energies between 189 and 209GeV. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 520pb(-1) taken by DELPHI between 1998 and 2000. The single W SDM elements, rho(W +/-)(tau tau') (tau,tau'=+/- 1 or 0), are determined as a fu

Background: Several reproductive and hormonal factors are known to be associated with ovarian cancer risk in the general population, including parity and oral contraceptive (00 use. However, their effect on ovarian cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers has only been investigated in a small number of studies. Methods: We used data on 2,281. BRCA1. carriers and 1,038 BRCA2 carriers from

Columnar metaplasia, where columnar epithelium replaces the normal squamous epithelium in esophagus, is considered to be a precancerous condition in which the development of adenocarcinoma can be followed through various grades of dysplasia. The interpretation of these histological changes is subjective and suffers from considerable inter-observer variation among pathologists. In study I, we devis

Soil gas production processes, mainly anaerobic or aerobic soil respiration, drive major gas fluxes across the soil-atmosphere interface. Carbon dioxide (CO2) effluxes, an efflux which in most ecosystems is a result of both autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration, in particular have received international attention. The importance of both CO2 and methane (CH4) fluxes are emphasised in the Arctic

Snow cover plays a major role in the climate, hydrological and ecological systems of the Arctic and other regions through its influence on the surface energy balance (e.g. reflectivity), water balance (e.g. water storage and release), thermal regimes (e.g. insulation), vegetation and trace gas fluxes. Feedbacks to the climate system have global consequences. The livelihoods and well-being of Arcti

Political institutions are keen to use the best available scientific knowledge in decision-making. For environmental policy, relevant scientific evidence can be complex and extensive, so expert judgment is frequently relied upon, without clear links to the evidence itself. We propose a new transparent process for incorporating research evidence into policy decisions, involving independent synopsis

Välfärdstjänsterna har antagit formen av marknadsbaserade tjänster på grund av en ökad marknadsorientering. I artikeln analyseras vad valfrihet gällande välfärdstjänster kan innebära för medborgaren i olika socioekonomiska positioner genom att fokusera faktorer som kan begränsa valmöjligheter. En slutsats är att både resursstarka och resurssvaga har begränsade valmöjligheter. En annan slutsats är

In this study calorimetric measurements provided evidence of a drastic increase of spinach leaf gross metabolism as a consequence of vacuum impregnation (VI) at a minimum pressure of 150 mbar with trehalose and sucrose isotonic solutions. When applying VI extracellular air is replaced by the impregnation solution, potentially limiting tissue respiration to any remaining air volume in the tissue. H

The design and fabrication of a combined electrochemical-cantilever microfluidic system is described. A chip integrating cantilevers with electrodes into a microchannel is presented with the accompanying polymer flow cell. Issues such as electrical and fluid connections are addressed, electromechanical behavior in ionic solution is investigated, and two uses of the system are demonstrated. First,

Intraductal neoplasms of the pancreas are classified as intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms (ITPNs) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMNs) in the current WHO classification. ITPN is a rare tumor and there are only a few cases of ITPN reported in the literature. We present the case of an otherwise healthy 42-year-old male, who presented with upper abdominal pain. He was subsequently

Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) on Bragg reflections is a promising technique for the study of three-dimensional (3D) composition and strain fields in nanostructures, which can be recovered directly from the coherent diffraction data recorded on single objects. In this paper, we report results obtained for single homogeneous and heterogeneous nanowires with a diameter smaller than 100 nm, for w

Electronic structure of free and neutral Rb and K clusters containing from few tens to few hundred atoms has been studied using synchrotron radiation. Core-level photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to probe the metallic nature of Rb and K clusters. We show that the metallicity exists down to the dimensions of few nanometers. Simultaneously the emergence and evolution of the valence band struc

How is meaning created by a poem? Through the invisible ideas and thoughts conveyed by the text or through the physical presence of book, paper and print? In Bodies of Poems the author argues that the material properties of poetic texts are meaningful in their own right but often ignored and made invisible in poetry criticism. Through a number of examples ranging from the introduction of print tec

In the transition towards a low-carbon society, changes of attitudes and social norms are needed to support new ways of implementing technical solutions and new behaviors and lifestyles. Mobility Management (MM) campaigns have been shown to contribute to changing of mind sets, but to date these campaigns have not been recognized as important parts of a strategic transport policy plan on an overall

Popular Abstract in Swedish Trots ett sunt leverne med regelbunden motion och nyttig mat kan vi inte alltid förhindra risken att drabbas av vissa typer av cancer som till exempel hjärntumörer. Den vanligaste formen av elakartade hjärntumörer heter glioblastoma multiforme och är också den mest aggressiva. Symptomen varierar beroende på tumörens storlek och var i hjärnan den växer, och patienter kanGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite standard treatment including surgery, radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ)-based chemotherapy, the prognosis for GBM patients is dismal, and there is a need for novel treatments. One possible therapeutic treatment modality presented here is immunotherapy, either alone or combined with in