Process diagnosis is essential to ensure anaerobic fermentation stable and efficient. Here, a novel sensor system combining microbial fuel cell (MFC), gas flow meter and pH meter was developed to evaluate its feasibility for probing the anaerobic process established on a model high-rate bioreactor. Repeated transient responses of electrical signal, proton concentration, and gas flow rate, were obs

A hidden Markov model (HMM) is employed to improve noise robustness when tracking the dominant frequency of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the electrocardiogram (ECG). Following QRST cancellation, a sequence of observed frequency states is obtained from the residual ECG, using the short-time Fourier transform. Based on the observed state sequence, the Viterbi algorithm retrieves the optimal state seq

Doppler observations from Keck Observatory have revealed a triple-planet system orbiting the nearby K4V star, HIP 57274. The inner planet, HIP 57274b, is a super-Earth with M sin i = 11.6 M-circle plus (0.036 M-Jup), an orbital period of 8.135 +/- 0.004 days, and slightly eccentric orbit e = 0.19 +/- 0.1. We calculate a transit probability of 6.5% for the inner planet. The second planet has M sin

Capsule Swedish breeding bird species that are predicted to experience a more suitable climate by 2050 are currently increasing in numbers. Aims To test, for a large set of breeding birds, if recent population trends mirror the changes in predicted climatic suitability across the Swedish distribution range, and to test if considering natal dispersal improves the fit of the predictive models. Metho

Low-complex and low power non-coherent energy detector (ED) is interesting for low data rate impulse radio (IR) ultra wideband (UWB) systems but, compared to coherent receivers, it suffers from a loss in performance due to low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the detector. In addition, the performance of an ED strongly depends on the integration interval (window size) of the integrator and the window

The aim of this paper is to compile the state of the art of engine control and develop scenarios for improvements in a number of applications of engine control where the pace of technology change is at its most marked. The first application is control of downsized engines with enhancement of combustion using direct injection, variable valve actuation and turbo charging. The second application is e

The functions of retinoic acid (RA), a potent morphogen with crucial roles in embryogenesis including developmental hematopoiesis, have not been thoroughly investigated in the human setting. Using an in vitro model of human hematopoietic development, we evaluated the effects of RA signaling on the development of blood and on generated hematopoietic progenitors. Decreased RA signaling increases the

Using a choice experiment, this paper investigates how Swedish citizens value three environmental quality objectives. In addition, a follow-up question is used to investigate whether respondents ignored any attributes when responding. The resulting information is used in model estimation by restricting the individual parameters for the ignored attributes to zero. When taking the shares of responde

Inflammatory response induced by microglia plays a critical role in the demise of neuronal populations in neuroinflammatory diseases. Although the role of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in microglia's inflammatory response is fully acknowledged, little is known about endogenous ligands that trigger TLR4 activation. Here, we report that galectin-3 (Gal3) released by microglia acts as an endogenous par

This paper reviews the currently available optical sensors, their limitations and opportunities for deployment at Eddy Covariance (EC) sites in Europe. This review is based on the results obtained from an online survey designed and disseminated by the Co-cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action ESO903-"Spectral Sampling Tools for Vegetation Biophysical Parameters and Flux Measurements i

We present a detailed statistical analysis of the correlation between radio and gamma-ray emission of the active galactic nuclei (AGNs) detected by Fermi during its first year of operation, with the largest data sets ever used for this purpose. We use both archival interferometric 8.4 GHz data (from the Very Large Array and ATCA, for the full sample of 599 sources) and concurrent single-dish 15 GH

The work within this thesis investigates Photodynamic therapy and Fluorescence imaging for therapeutics and visualization of deeply embedded lesions. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment modality that can eradicate tumors when light, a photosensible drug and oxygen are present. In recent decades there has been an interest in adapting this modality to deep-seated solid tumors. This req

We have developed laterally asymmetric In0.53Ga0.47As/InP MOSFETs with different regrown contacts at the source (In0.53Ga0.47As) and the drain (InP). Introducing a wider bandgap material, InP, as the drain electrode, higher voltage gain g(m)/g(d) has been obtained with a reduced output conductance g(d) and improved breakdown voltage V-bd. For L-g = 50 nm, a high oscillation frequency f(max) = 300

Two-dimensional numerical simulations of the flow and temperature fields inside the bend (turn) part of a U duct have been performed. Both the standard and low Reynolds number k-epsilon models were used to solve the smooth bend (turn) part and ribbed bend (turn) part, respectively. For the standard k-epsilon model, the wall function approach was used at the near wall region where the log-law was a

Background: Relative measures of birthweight (small and large-for-gestational age, SGA-LGA) are increasingly preferred to absolute measures (low birthweight, macrosomia). In this study we assess whether the national vital statistics provided by the Spanish National Statistical Institute (INE) reliably estimate SGA and LGA. Also, we will assess whether missing data (selection) and misreported infor

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important actors in the innate immune system. One class of AMPs is the human β-defensins (HBDs), a group of small peptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. Expression of HBDs is downregulated in different manifestations of allergic disease. In this study, we examine whether allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) affects the nasal leve