Xylose fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the introduction of a xylose pathway, either similar to that found in the natural xylose-utilizing yeasts Pichia stipitis and Candida shehatae or similar to the bacterial pathway. The use of NAD(P)H-dependent XR and NAD(+)-dependent XDH from P. stipitis creates a cofactor imbalance resulting in xylitol formation. The effect of replacing the

We previously reported that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-10 mRNA levels were significantly lower in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissues in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), whereas protein levels of MMP-10 were higher in the tumor tissues than the adjacent tissues. The mechanism of this divergence is still unknown. In the present stud), the role of Janus kinase 2/signal transdu

Previous photorefractive results from harbour seals indicated the presence of a multifocal lens. This was surprising because the evolution of multifocal lenses has served to compensate for chromatic aberration in animals with colour vision, which harbour seals as monochromats should not be capable of. To gain insight into the lens optics of these animals, we extended our photorefractive measuremen

The acidic proteome of Lactococcus lactis grown anaerobically was compared for three different growth conditions: cells growing on maltose, resting cells metabolizing maltose, and cells growing on glucose. In maltose metabolizing cells several proteins were up-regulated compared with glucose metabolizing cells, however only some of the up-regulated proteins had apparent relation to maltose metabol

To use nutrition in order to limit the negative consequences of physical and mental stress is not new. Recent advances in immunology and particularly in the understanding of the chemical language used to communicate both by eukarytic and prokarotic cells has made it easier to objectively evaluate effects of various immunomodulating efforts including the use of nutrients, vitamins and antioxidants

Wrap-gate (111) InAs nanowires (NWs) were studied after HfO2 dielectric coating and Cr metallic deposition by a combination of grazing incidence x-ray techniques. In-plane and out-of-plane x-ray diffraction (crystal truncation rod analysis) allow determining the strain tensor. The longitudinal contraction, increasing with HfO2 and Cr deposition, is significantly larger than the radial dilatation.

A total of 1,794 migrating birds trapped at a coastal site in southern Sweden were sampled for detection of Campylobacter spp. All isolates phenotypically identified as Campylobacter jejuni and a subset of those identified as non-C. jejuni were identified to the species level by PCR-based techniques. C. jejuni was found in 5.0% of the birds, Campylobacter lari was found in 5.6%, and Campylobacter

Conduct disorder (CD) is a condition that describes an aggressive, antisocial and criminal individual with social maladjustment. A diagnostician must consider symptoms, time and function when making a diagnosis. The aim of the article is to provide a general outline of the CD diagnosis described in DSM, using three databases--Medline, PsycIFO and Social Sciences Citation. The diagnostic criteria g

Lactobacillus colonisation was examined in 112 Swedish infants. Faecal samples obtained at 1, 2,4 and 8 weeks and at 6, 12 and 18 months of age were cultivated quantitatively on Rogosa agar. Lactobacilli were speciated by PCR and typed to the strain level by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Lactobacilli reached a peak at 6 months when 45% of the infants were colonised. L. rhamnosus and L

Rat dopamine D(2short) expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were characterized by means of activation of [(35)S]-guanosine 5'-O-(gamma-thiotriphosphate) ([(35)S]GTPgammaS) binding and inhibition of [(3)H]raclopride binding. Among 18 dopaminergic ligands studied dopamine, NPA, apomorphine and quinpirole were full agonists in activation of [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding, while seven ligands were

Target factors aim at setting criteria to select foreign vessels that should be inspected by port state control authorities. Although a relative consensus exists on the main factors to consider in selecting vessels, the weight to be given to these factors is still unclear. Using data on 26 515 PSC inspections that took place within the Indian Ocean MoU region from 2002 to 2006, we investigate the

A novel truncated hemoglobin has been identified in the thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus stearothermophilus (Gs-trHb). The protein has been expressed in Escherichia coli, the 3D crystal structure (at 1.5 angstrom resolution) and the ligand binding properties have been determined. The distal heme pocket displays an array of hydrogen bonding donors to the iron-bound ligands, including Tyr-B10 on o

Phonological vowel reduction in Bulgarian is discussed, distinguishing between formal & informal speech & dialectal & standard forms. The Bulgarian vowel system is presented, with an evaluation of the articulatory models of Bulgarian vowel production, & a description of the orthographic representation of the "indeterminate vowel." Alternations between stressed & nonstressed vow

This paper presents new tuning rules for PIcontrol of processes with essentially monotone step response that aretypically encountered in process control. The rules are based oncharacterization of process dynamics by three parameters that can beobtained from a step response experiment. The rules are obtained bymaximizing integral gain subject to a constraint on themaximum sensitivity. They are almo

Reduced and total homocysteine, cysteine, glutathione and cysteinylglycine in plasma were investigated in 19 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in 29 healthy subjects. The purpose was to examine the influence of pro-oxidant activity caused by the lung disease on the metabolism of homocysteine and other plasma thiols. We observed a decreased concentration of reduced glutathione

Several serum and urine biochemical markers of bone resorption and formation have been developed. Biochemical bone markers have been used as intermediate end-points in all major studies of anti-osteoporotic therapies. Bone resorption markers, in particular, may add an independent, predictive value to the assessment of bone loss and fracture risk. There are also potential advantages in monitoring a

Self-diffusion constants of amphiphilic molecules in D2O solutions of mixed poly(oxyethylene)-polydimethylsiloxane diblock copolymer (POE-PDMS, SimC3EOn) and poly(oxyethylene) dodecyl ether (C12EOn) were measured by pulsed-field-gradient NMR method. In the D2O/Si25C3EO51.6/C12EO8 or D2O/Si52C3EO51.6/Cl2EO8 systems, small and large micelles coexist in a wide range of SimC3EO51.6 fraction in total a

A screening of non-conventional yeast species and several Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( baker's yeast) strains overexpressing known carbonyl reductases revealed the S. cerevisiae reductase encoded by YMR226c as highly efficient for the reduction of the diketones 1 and 2 to their corresponding hydroxyketones 3 - 6 ( Scheme 1) in excellent enantiomeric excesses. Bioreduction of 1 using the genetically

Fractures occur in about every tenth of accidental falls and a distal forearm fracture is one of the commonest fractures. People who have sustained a distal forearm fracture are at risk of sustaining other fractures later in life. The purpose of this study was to describe physical performance regarding handgrip strength, one leg standing and walking speed over time in women after a fall-related di

We prove the existence of steady periodic capillary water waves on flows with arbitrary vorticity distributions. They are symmetric two-dimensional waves whose profiles are monotone between crest and trough.