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A hybrid strategy for the identification of material parameters of constitutive models is presented. One main challenge in the context of classic optimisation-based parameter identification schemes is the generation of adequate starting values for the multi-objective optimisation procedure. We address this issue by employing an artificial neural network that is trained with data obtained from the

The current enthusiasm for the circular economy (CE) offers a unique opportunity to advance the impact of research on sustainability transitions. Diverse interpretations of CE by scholars, however, produce partly opposing assessments of its potential benefits, which can hinder progress. Here, we synthesize policy-relevant lessons and research directions for a sustainable CE and identify three narr

Background: A more effective immune response against glioblastoma is needed in order to achieve better tumor control. Radiotherapy can induce anti-tumor mediated immune reactions, in addition to its dose response effects. The complement system can function as a bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses. Combining radiotherapy and complement activating therapy is theoretically interesting

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute self-limiting inflammatory vasculitis affecting predominantly medium-sized arteries, particularly the coronary arteries. A number of recent studies conducted in different European countries have demonstrated alarmingly high coronary complications despite treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). These high complication rates now emphasize the n

The fundamental energy cost of irreversible computing is given by the Landauer bound of kTln 2 /bit, where k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the temperature in Kelvin. However, this limit is only achievable for infinite-time processes. We here determine the fundamental energy cost of finite-time parallelizable computing within the framework of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. We apply these resul

Background: Injury deaths constitute a major avoidable cause of death affecting life expectancy to a different degree in men and women. This study quantified the contributions of injury deaths to the gender gap in life expectancy (GGLE) and life disparity (GGLD) in nine Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) countries. Methods: We retrieved annual data on age-sex specific causes of death from the Worl

Purpose: Tensor-valued diffusion encoding can disentangle orientation dispersion and subvoxel anisotropy, potentially offering insight into microstructural changes after cerebral ischemia. The purpose was to evaluate tensor-valued diffusion MRI in human acute ischemic stroke, assess potential confounders from diffusion time dependencies, and compare to Monte Carlo diffusion simulations of axon bea

Background: Right ventricular (RV) dyssynchrony or post systolic contraction (PSC) causes inefficient pumping and has not been investigated as a prognostic marker in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The objective was to investigate if RV dyssynchrony and PSC are prognostic markers of transplantation-free survival in PAH and if multiple RV views improve prognostication. Methods: Patients with

Adrenaline is a powerful stimulus of glucagon secretion. It acts by activation of β-adrenergic receptors, but the downstream mechanisms have only been partially elucidated. Here, we have examined the effects of adrenaline in mouse and human α-cells by a combination of electrophysiology, imaging of Ca2+ and PKA activity, and hormone release measurements. We found that stimulation of glucagon secret

Pancreas transplantation is a successful treatment for a selected group of people with type 1 diabetes. Continued insulin production can decrease over time and identifying predictors of long-term graft function is key to improving survival. The aim of this study was to screen subjects for variation in the Caveolin-1 gene (Cav1), previously shown to correlate with long-term kidney transplant functi

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with marked gender and ethnic disparities. We report a large transancestral association study of SLE using Immunochip genotype data from 27,574 individuals of European (EA), African (AA) and Hispanic Amerindian (HA) ancestry. We identify 58 distinct non-HLA regions in EA, 9 in AA and 16 in HA (50% of these regions have multiple independe

Current derivatization-dependent approaches for amino acid composition analysis of cereal proteins have significant variability due to lack of direct analysis opportunities and loss of amino acids during protein-hydrolysis. To tackle these drawbacks, a novel direct, derivatization-free approach was successfully introduced, using HPAEC-PAD, and applied for analysis of hydrolyzed defatted oat flour

With the urgent demand for ultralow-temperature refrigerators worldwide, the operation reliability and stability of the refrigeration system becomes greatly crucial. In this study, a -80 oC ultralow-temperature cascade refrigeration system (CRS) is developed. From aspects of global warming potential (GWP) and ozone depletion potential (ODP), the environmentally friendly refrigerants R290 and R170

The manipulation and focusing of submicron/nanometre-scale objects are becoming increasingly important in the fields of biology, chemistry, and materials science. Acoustofluidics provides for the high throughput and precise manipulation of cells and particles with simple equipment. However, application to submicron/nanoparticles is challenging due to the particle volume dependence of the acoustic

Car sharing is promoted as one alternative to decrease emissions from personal transport in cities. Most emission assessments have focused on the production and use phase of car sharing, but few have focused on the impacts of changes in consumption. In this article I assess changes in the total output from various sectors and in the carbon footprint of car sharing users from a consumption perspect

Top predators can affect the behaviour of prey species via lethal (direct kill) or non-lethal effects (i.e., through predation risk). For example, prey species may move from areas perceived as risky to safer spaces where predation risk is lower, which can have important consequences for investment in foraging, movement, and mating, and for the behaviour and habitat use of other species, such as me

Herein, the grown-into-glass (GIG) CsPbBr3:Ln3+ (Ln = La, Lu) nanocrystals (NCs) are designed and fabricated using an in situ nanocrystallization method. It is shown that a substitution of Pb2+ sites with Ln3+ ions leads to a blueshift of emission position induced by an increase of the bandgap of CsPbBr3. Additionally, the GIG-samples are found to feature excellent photoluminescent (PL) properties

In this work, a waxy barley starch-PEG aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) phase diagram was constructed, and starch microsphere preparation was explored at different phase diagram positions. The aim was to investigate starch-PEG ATPS phase behaviour and relate this to starch crystallisation and microsphere formation. The hypothesis was that phase diagram position would influence the starch microspher

Vegetation optical depth (VOD) from satellite passive microwave sensors has enabled monitoring of aboveground biomass carbon dynamics by building a relationship with static carbon maps over space and then applying this relationship to VOD time series. However, uncertainty in this relationship arises from changes in water stress, as VOD is mainly determined by vegetation water content, which varies

A supercritical fluid extraction methodology was used to extract flavoring and bioactive compounds from truffles. Some parameters such as CO2 flow rate (1–3 mg/mL), extraction time (15–90 min) and different trapping food matrices (grape seed oil, gelatin, agar agar and water) were optimized using response surface methodology to enhance extraction and trapping yields. The optimal conditions (2.27 m