Individual and country-level variables associated with the medicalization of birth : Multilevel analyses of IMAgiNE EURO data from 15 countries in the WHO European region
OBJECTIVE: To investigate potential associations between individual and country-level factors and medicalization of birth in 15 European countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.METHODS: Online anonymous survey of women who gave birth in 2020-2021. Multivariable multilevel logistic regression models estimating associations between indicators of medicalization (cesarean, instrumental vaginal birth [I