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Epidemiology, practice of ventilation and outcome for patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications: LAS VEGAS - an observational study in 29 countries

BACKGROUND Limited information exists about the epidemiology and outcome of surgical patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), and how intraoperative ventilation was managed in these patients. OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of surgical patients at increased risk of PPCs, and to compare the intraoperative ventilation management and postoperative outcomes w

Intraoperative transfusion practices in Europe

BackgroundTransfusion of allogeneic blood influences outcome after surgery. Despite widespread availability of transfusion guidelines, transfusion practices might vary among physicians, departments, hospitals and countries. Our aim was to determine the amount of packed red blood cells (pRBC) and blood products transfused intraoperatively, and to describe factors determining transfusion throughout

The black box of regional growth

Regional growth models leave a large share of variation unexplained. While we should continuously aim to improve these models, the unique combination of conditions and human agency in each region will also invariably lead to region-specific growth trajectories. Theoretically, we should thus expect systematic deviations from growth predictions. We propose an approach to explore these unexplained de

Association of Enlarged Perivascular Spaces and Measures of Small Vessel and Alzheimer Disease

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) and measures of Alzheimer disease (AD), small vessel disease (SVD), cognition, vascular risk factors, and neuroinflammation, we tested associations between EPVS and different relevant neuroimaging, biochemical, and cognitive variables in 778 study participants. METHODS: Four hundred ninety-nine cognitively unimp

Endoskopisk sleeve-gastroplastik behandlingsalternativ vid obesitas

Obesity is a growing health problem and challenge to the health care systems in the western world. Available treatment is limited to lifestyle modifications, cognitive therapy, drugs and bariatric surgery. On one hand, lifestyle changes and pharmacological treatment have very limited long-term effects on obesity. On the other hand, bariatric surgery is effective to maintain long-term weigh reducti

Low incubation temperature slows the development of cold tolerance in a precocial bird

Incubating birds trade off self-maintenance for keeping eggs warm. This causes lower incubation temperature in more challenging conditions, with consequences for a range of offspring traits. It is not yet clear how low developmental temperature affects cold tolerance early in life. This is ecologically important because before full thermoregulatory capacity is attained, precocial chicks must switc

Permafrost Hydrology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau : A Review of Processes and Modeling

Permafrost extends 40% of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), a region which contains the headwaters of numerous major rivers in Asia. As an aquiclude, permafrost substantially controls surface runoff and its hydraulic connection with groundwater. The freeze–thaw cycle in the active layer significantly impacts soil water movement direction, velocity, storage capacity, and hydraulic conductivity. Unde

Modelling daily gross primary productivity with sentinel-2 data in the nordic region–comparison with data from modis

The high-resolution Sentinel-2 data potentially enable the estimation of gross primary productivity (GPP) at finer spatial resolution by better capturing the spatial variation in a heterogeneous landscapes. This study investigates the potential of 10 m resolution reflectance from the Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument to improve the accuracy of GPP estimation across Nordic vegetation types, compa

Comparison of cardiovascular disease and cancer prevalence between Mediterranean and north European middle-aged populations (The Cilento on Ageing Outcomes Study and The Malmö Offspring Study)

Mediterranean diet protects from both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. In the 1960s, Ancel Keys defined the concept of Mediterranean diet in the South Italian region of Cilento and proposed it as a key factor for healthy ageing in the region. The aim of the current study was to compare the prevalence of CVD and cancer between a middle-aged population from Cilento and those of a Northern Eu

Unraveling the Ultrafast Hot Electron Dynamics in Semiconductor Nanowires

Hot electron relaxation and transport in nanostructures involve a multitude of ultrafast processes whose interplay and relative importance are still not fully understood, but which are relevant for future applications in areas such as photocatalysis and optoelectronics. To unravel these processes, their dynamics in both time and space must be studied with high spatiotemporal resolution in structur

Retrieval and validation of forest background reflectivity from daily Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) data across European forests

Information about forest background reflectance is needed for accurate biophysical parameter retrieval from forest canopies (overstory) with remote sensing. Separating under- and overstory signals would enable more accurate modeling of forest carbon and energy fluxes. We retrieved values of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the forest understory with the multi-angular Moderate R

Organoid technology for personalized pancreatic cancer therapy

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has the lowest survival rate among all major cancers and is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The stagnant survival statistics and dismal response rates to current therapeutics highlight the need for more efficient preclinical models. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) offer new possibilities as powerful preclinical models able to accou

Bayesian algorithm to estimate position and activity of an orphan gamma source utilizing multiple detectors in a mobile gamma spectrometry system

To avoid harm to the public and the environment, lost ionizing radiation sources must be found and brought back under the regulatory control as soon as possible. Usually, mobile gamma spectrometry systems are used in such search missions. It is possible to estimate the position and activity of point gamma sources by performing Bayesian inference on the measurement data. The aim of this study was t

A wave-based analysis for acoustic transmission for fluid-filled elastic waveguides

This paper describes an original numerical prediction technique developed for the analysis of coupled vibro-acoustic problems in fluid waveguides. Specifically it is is a wave-based method. Unlike the conventional element-based methods, this technique uses wave functions that satisfy the governing equations to describe the dynamic variables exactly. One advantage is that fine domain discretization

Existence and uniqueness of solutions for acoustic scattering over infinite obstacles

The paper considers the solution of the boundary value problem (BVP) consisting of the Helmholtz equation in the region D with a rigid boundary condition on ∂D and its reformulation as a boundary integral equation (BIE), over an infinite cylindrical surface of arbitrary smooth cross-section. A boundary integral equation, which models three-dimensional acoustic scattering from an infinite rigid cyl

Calculation of vibration transmission over bedrock using a waveguide finite element model

A finite element method is developed for the study of elastic wave propagation in layered ground environments. The formulation is based on a spectral finite-element approach using a mixture of high-order element shape functions and wave solutions. The numerical method provides solutions to vibration transmission on and within layered elastic waveguides. Examples of its use include the theoretical

Optimization of Near-Surface Quantum Well Processing

Herein, an optimized process flow of near-surface quantum well metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) based on planar layers of metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) grown InxGa1−xAs is presented. It is found that by an optimized pre-growth cleaning and post-metal anneal, the quality of the MOS structure can be greatly enhanced. This optimization is a first step toward rea

Underfilling decreases left ventricular function in pulmonary arterial hypertension

To evaluate the association between impaired left ventricular (LV) longitudinal function and LV underfilling in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Thirty-nine patients with PAH and 18 age and sex-matched healthy controls were included. LV volume and left atrial volume (LAV) were delineated in short-axis cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) cine images. LV longitudinal function was as