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Osteoporosis and subsequent fractures is a rapidly growing major health problem in many parts of the world. Even if prevalence and incidence are high in Europe, rate of increase is even higher in Asia. The majority of fractures occur in women underlining the importance of ovarian deficiency. Genetic factors and lifestyle greatly influence the incidence and prevalence both in men and women and the
The purpose of the study is to analyse the poverty norm for single adults without children in Sweden between 1918 - 1997. The study analyses the full norm, not support given as an income supplement. The poverty norm is defined as the minimum level of a socially acceptable standard of living. The study investigates two problems: how has the poverty norm changed during the period 1918-1997 and why h
Popular Abstract in Swedish Vid avdelningen bedrivs forskning bl.a. med inriktning på laserbaserad förbränningsdiagnostik. Att mäta med en laser i olika flammor är en stor fördel eftersom laserljuset är beröringsfritt. Därför kan unika mätresultat erhållas med en minimal påverkan av förbränningsprocessen. Jag har främst arbetar med att utveckla en teknik för att mäta temperaturen 2-dimensionellt. The present thesis is concerned with the development and application of a novel planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) technique for temperature measurements in a variety of combusting flows. Accurate measurement of temperature is an essential task in combustion diagnostics, since temperature is one of the most fundamental quantities for the characterization of combustion processes. The techniqu
A project engaging the five Nordic countries has presented common reference intervals for the most frequently used biochemical and haematological analytes. The results are based on samples from up to 3000 healthy adult reference persons and are statistically calculated to include 95 % of the reference population’s values. Reference samples were analyzed together with commutable control materials t
Popular Abstract in Swedish Trumljud är det ljud som hörs i ett rum då ett objekt, till exempel en fot, träffar golvytan i samma rum. Ökande användning av tunna och hårda golvbeläggningar, såsom parkett och laminatgolv, kan leda till ljudstarka och skarpa ljud, vilket har ökat intresset av trumljud. En prediktionsmodell för den subjektiva responsen av trumljud vid en parvis jämförelse har tagits fDrum sound is the sound produced when an object, such as a foot, hits the flooring in the room in which the receiving ear is located. Drum sound has attracted interest in recent years, particularly due to an increased use of thin floating floor constructions, such as veneer or laminate flooring, which can produce loud and sharp walking sound. A prediction model of the subjective response, in a pai
Presentation av provinsialläkararkiven, var och hur man söker i dem och exempel på vad de kan innehålla.
BEAST is a bidirectional efficient algorithm for searching trees. In this correspondence, BEAST is extended to maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding of block codes obtained via convolutional codes. First it is shown by simulations that the decoding complexity of BEAST is significantly less than that of the Viterbi algorithm. Then asymptotic upper bounds on the BEAST decoding complexity for three import
A combined quantum mechanical statistical mechanical method has been used to study the solvation of the hydronium ion in water. The system is divided in three parts, a quantum core (the ion), 89 classical water molecules and a dielectric continuum. The water molecules are represented using a polarizable potential. The first solvation shell of the ion consists of three water molecules linked by hyd
Several bird species have advanced the timing of their spring migration in response to recent climate change. European short-distance migrants, wintering in temperate areas, have been assumed to be more affected by change in the European climate than long-distance migrants wintering in the tropics. However, we show that tong-distance migrants have advanced their spring arrival in Scandinavia more
Tec family protein tyrosine kinases (TFKs) play a central role in hematopoietic cellular signaling. Initial activation takes place through specific tyrosine phosphorylation situated in the activation loop. Further activation occurs within the SH3 domain via a transphosphorylation mechanism, which for Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) affects tyrosine 223. We found that TFKs phosphorylate preferential
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling består av tre olika artiklar som kan läsas separat. Varje artikel har tilldelats ett eget kapitel i avhandlingen. Självständigheten av dessa kapitel bör inte tolkas som att de inte hör ihop. Förutom att alla tillhör området makroekonomi, har alla den gemensamma egenskapen att relatera till nutida ekonomisk politiska debatten. Titeln på den första artikThis thesis consists of three distinct articles that can be read separately. Each one has been awarded a chapter of its own. The independence of these chapters should not be taken as meaning that they are unrelated. Besides belonging all to the subfield of macroeconomics, they share the common feature of being inherently economic policy oriented. The title of the first article is "Fiscal Policy a
Using the density of food left in a patch after foraging - i.e. the giving-up density (GUD) - as a behavioural indicator, short-term foraging studies on birds in the dry and wet fringing forests and savanna habitats of the Amurum Forest Reserve, Laminga, Nigeria, were used to evaluate whether widespread food abundance will affect their behaviour in these apparently-different habitats. The effect o
The in vitro activities of the lipopeptides pahnitoyl (Pal)-Lys-Lys-NH2 and Pal-Lys-Lys against gram-positive cocci were investigated. Enterococci and streptococci demonstrated higher susceptibilities than staphylococci and Rhodococcus equi. A positive interaction was shown when the lipopeptides were combined with beta-lactams and vancomycin. These results suggest that lipopeptides are promising c
Most of the experiments related to quantum information applications, involving rare-earth doped inorganic crystals, are performed on yttrium orthosilicate single crystals. The work presented here is motivated by the search of new compounds which can be used in the field of quantum computing and/or quantum storage. Relaxation times and hyperfine structure of the H-3(4)(0)-> D-1(2)(0) transition in
BACKROUND: Pathological tau protein concentrations in CSF are found in both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but studies on brain tissue have suggested that the tau pathology in AD differs from that in FTD and that the difference may be related to the degree of phosphorylation. As CSF tau protein is increased after stroke, tau may also be implicated in the pathophysiolog
The text introduces the semiology as method in the analysis of Sociology as area of authoritarian social discourse. In opposition to an "empirical" description where the "fact" is described as if it was not "social" but a fact "of nature" the deconstruction of the Power discourse shows that the "fact" is produced as definition or description, i.e, the Power-discourse works as Code which through st
The goal of this study is to investigate the applicability of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF)–multi angle laser light scattering (MALLS), and to develop a method for analysis of cationic potato amylopectin (CPAP) having ultrahigh molecular mass (UHMr). Use of the aqueous carrier having low salt content (3 mM NaN3) resulted in a distortion in AsFlFFF fractograms of CPAP with a
Tadpoles from two types of ponds, temporary and permanent, were raised in a common garden experiment. There was no clear effect of pond type on development rate (time for metamorphosis). From each sibship, one group was raised under a constant water regime (deep tanks) and one was subject to simulated pond drying (shallow tanks). The tadpoles exhibited a plastic response to pond drying: they metam
