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Estimating global gross primary productivity using chlorophyll fluorescence and a data assimilation system with the BETHY-SCOPE model
This paper presents the assimilation of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) into a terrestrial biosphere model to estimate the gross uptake of carbon through photosynthesis (GPP). We use the BETHY-SCOPE model to simulate both GPP and SIF using a process-based formulation, going beyond a simple linear scaling between the two. We then use satellite SIF data from the Orbiting Carbon Observat
The illusion of routine as an indicator for job automation with artificial intelligence
The resurgence of artificial intelligence (AI) has empowered organizations to concentrate their research efforts on enhancing decision-making and automation capabilities. This is being pursued with the goal of increasing productivity, whilst reducing costs. With this, it is perceived that the jobs within these organizations that are considered subject to ‘routine’, or repetitive and mundane tasks,
Association of gluten intake during the first 5 years of life with incidence of celiac disease autoimmunity and celiac disease among children at increased risk
Importance: High gluten intake during childhood may confer risk of celiac disease. Objectives: To investigate if the amount of gluten intake is associated with celiac disease autoimmunity and celiac disease in genetically at-risk children. Design, Setting, and Participants: The participants in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY), a prospective observational birth cohort
Oscillometry in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease : In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the impulse oscillometry and tremoflo devices
Impedance, or oscillometry, measurements of the respiratory system can generate information about the function of the respiratory system not possible with traditional spirometry. There are currently several instruments on the market using different perturbations. We have compared a new respiratory oscillometry instrument, the tremoflo, with Impulse Oscillometry (IOS). Patients with a physician’s d
Increasing crop heterogeneity enhances multitrophic diversity across agricultural regions
Agricultural landscape homogenization has detrimental effects on biodiversity and key ecosystem services. Increasing agricultural landscape heterogeneity by increasing seminatural cover can help to mitigate biodiversity loss. However, the amount of seminatural cover is generally low and difficult to increase in many intensively managed agricultural landscapes. We hypothesized that increasing the h
Accepting surveillance – An increased sense of security after terror strikes?
Over the last two decades, several large terror attacks have led to increased discussion of the use of different surveillance technologies. The use of novel technologies for pre-emptive security and surveillance has been discussed and criticized academically, but few studies have addressed the public. Studies that target the public tend to assume an oversimplified trade-off between privacy and sec
Walk the talk when technology fails
The aim of our project was to explore the effectiveness of a web-based mindfulness program for families living with mental and/or somatic illness by the means of a randomized controlled study including an experiment group (n=196) and a wait-list control (WLC) group (n=202) (Stjernswärd & Hansson, 2018). The test period for the 8-week program was set to 10 weeks, with pre– and post-test assessm
Olagligt, olämpligt, ogiltigt : Förutsättningar för prövning av nulliteter i svensk förvaltningsrätt
I svensk förvaltningsrätt tar diskussioner om utrymmet för överprövning av förvaltningens beslut ofta sin utgångspunkt i begreppsparet laglighet och lämplighet. Därutöver förekommer, mer sällan, argument som relaterar till ogiltighet eller nullitet. Med detta avses förvaltningsbeslut som är grovt och uppenbart felaktiga.Syftet med artikeln är att utreda innebörden av ogiltighet och nullitet i sven
2-cm versus 4-cm surgical excision margins for primary cutaneous melanoma thicker than 2 mm : long-term follow-up of a multicentre, randomised trial
Background: The optimal surgical excision margins are uncertain for patients with thick (>2 mm) localised cutaneous melanomas. In our previous report of this multicentre, randomised controlled trial, with a median follow-up of 6·7 years, we showed that a narrow excision margin (2 cm vs 4 cm) did not affect melanoma-specific nor overall survival. Here, we present extended follow-up of this cohort.
Potential benefits of integrating ecological momentary assessment data into mHealth care systems
The advancement of wearable/ambulatory technologies has brought a huge change to data collection frameworks in recent decades. Mobile health (mHealth) care platforms, which utilize ambulatory devices to collect naturalistic and often intensively sampled data, produce innovative information of potential clinical relevance. For example, such data can inform clinical study design, recruitment approac
European Ultrahigh-Field Imaging Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases (EUFIND)
Introduction: The goal of European Ultrahigh-Field Imaging Network in Neurodegenerative Diseases (EUFIND) is to identify opportunities and challenges of 7 Tesla (7T) MRI for clinical and research applications in neurodegeneration. EUFIND comprises 22 European and one US site, including over 50 MRI and dementia experts as well as neuroscientists. Methods: EUFIND combined consensus workshops and dat
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Increased risk of osteoporotic fractures in Swedish patients with rheumatoid arthritis despite early treatment with potent disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs : a prospective general population-matched cohort study
Objective: To study the difference in incidence and risk of fragility fractures between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients followed up early in the disease and the general population in Sweden; and the fracture risk changes in RA patients diagnosed in the 1990s and 2000s because of earlier, more potent pharmacological treatment in the later period. Method: Patients with early RA were recruited fro
The Effect of Stopping Smoking on Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Data from BARFOT, a Multicenter Study of Early RA
OBJECTIVE: We studied the effect of stopping smoking on disease activity in patients with RA.METHODS: Between 1992 and 2005, 2,800 adult patients were included in the BARFOT early RA study in Sweden. Disease Activity Score 28 joints (DAS28), C-reactive protein (CRP), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-CCP, general health and pain visual analog scales (VAS), EULAR r
Human Leukocyte Antigen-Based Risk Stratification in Heart Transplant Recipients-Implications for Targeted Surveillance
Background Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching isn't routinely performed in heart transplantation. Novel allograft perfusion methods may make HLA matching feasible. The purpose of this study is to reexamine whether HLA mismatch may be used in risk stratification to improve outcomes in heart transplantation. Methods and Results We analyzed 34 681 recipients undergoing heart transplantation betwe
Ibrutinib inhibits antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity induced by rituximab or obinutuzumab in MCL cell lines, not overcome by addition of lenalidomide
Background: The Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK)-inhibitor ibrutinib is highly active in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) but may inhibit response to anti-CD20 antibody as previously shown in CLL models. We investigated how antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) induced by type I/II anti-CD20 antibodies was affected by treatment with ibrutinib in MCL. Furthermore, we investigated if lenalidomide,
Landscape homogenization due to agricultural intensification disrupts the relationship between reproductive success and main prey abundance in an avian predator
Background: Selecting high-quality habitat and the optimal time to reproduce can increase individual fitness and is a strong evolutionary factor shaping animal populations. However, few studies have investigated the interplay between land cover heterogeneity, limitation in food resources, individual quality and spatial variation in fitness parameters. Here, we explore how individuals of different
Correction of Fabry-Pérot interference effects in phase and amplitude pulse shapers based on liquid crystal spatial light modulators
Broadband femtosecond laser pulses manipulated by pulse shapers based on a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM) inevitably experience periodic spectral distortions due to Fabry-Perot interference effects within the LC-SLM. We present a method, applicable to phase and amplitude pulse shapers based on dual LC-SLMs, that enables the calibration and suppression of the undesired spectral int
Genetic variation across RNA metabolism and cell death gene networks is implicated in the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia
The semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) is a clinical syndrome characterized by neurodegeneration and progressive loss of semantic knowledge. Unlike many other forms of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), svPPA has a highly consistent underlying pathology composed of TDP-43 (a regulator of RNA and DNA transcription metabolism). Previous genetic studies of svPPA are limite