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Inter-annual variability in the leaf area index of a boreal aspen-hazelnut forest in relation to net ecosystem production

The seasonal phenology of the leaf area index (LAI) is a major determinant of net ecosystem production in deciduous forest ecosystems. This study describes seasonal and inter-annual differences in LAI in a boreal aspen-hazelnut forest in central Saskatchewan, Canada, between 1994 and 2003, and relates the differences in LAI to annual net ecosystem production (FNEP). A robust method is developed to

Arable lands

Three different, state-of-the-art biogeochemical models are adapted in order to quantify the carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N 2O), and methane (CH4) exchanges between arable lands and the atmosphere. Biome-BGC and MOD17 are validated using the long-term measurement results from Hegyhátsál tall tower site (Western Hungary). After a simple bias correction, it was found that Biome-BGC is capabl

Intensive care doctors’ preferences for arterial oxygen tension levels in mechanically ventilated patients

Background: Oxygen is liberally administered in intensive care units (ICUs). Nevertheless, ICU doctors’ preferences for supplementing oxygen are inadequately described. The aim was to identify ICU doctors’ preferences for arterial oxygenation levels in mechanically ventilated adult ICU patients. Methods: In April to August 2016, an online multiple-choice 17-part-questionnaire was distributed to 10

Changes in Temperature Management of Cardiac Arrest Patients Following Publication of the Target Temperature Management Trial

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate knowledge translation after publication of the target temperature management 33°C versus 36°C after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest trial and associated patient outcomes. Our primary hypothesis was that target temperature management at 36°C was rapidly adopted in Australian and New Zealand ICUs. Secondary hypotheses were that temporal reductions in mortality would be seen an

Reclassification of Treatment Strategy With Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve : A Substudy From the iFR-SWEDEHEART Trial

Objectives: The authors sought to compare reclassification of treatment strategy following instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) and fractional flow reserve (FFR). Background: iFR was noninferior to FFR in 2 large randomized controlled trials in guiding coronary revascularization. Reclassification of treatment strategy by FFR is well-studied, but similar reports on iFR are lacking. Methods: The iFR-

Pilot study on increased adherence to physical activity on prescription (PAP) through mindfulness : Study protocol 11 Medical and Health Sciences 1117 Public Health and Health Services

Background: In the Swedish population aged between 50 and 64 years only 7.1% reach the recommended level of physical activity. Physical activity on prescription (PAP) has been used in Sweden since the beginning of the twenty-first century with moderate adherence of approximately 50%. Mindfulness seems to affect motivation to and satisfaction with physical activity. The aim is to test the feasibili

Reduced use of phosphorus and water in sequential dark fermentation and anaerobic digestion of wheat straw and the application of ensiled steam‑pretreated lucerne as a macronutrient provider in anaerobic digestion

Background: Current EU directives demand increased use of renewable fuels in the transportation sector but restrict governmental support for production of biofuels produced from crops. The use of intercropped lucerne and wheat may comply with the directives. In the current study, the combination of ensiled lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and wheat straw as substrate for hydrogen and methane productio

Dementia care and service systems - A mapping system tested in nine Swedish municipalities 11 Medical and Health Sciences 1117 Public Health and Health Services

Background: In dementia care, it is crucial that the chain of care is adapted to the needs of people with dementia and their informal caregivers throughout the course of the disease. Assessing the existing dementia care system with regard to facilities, availability and utilization may provide useful information for ensuring that the professional dementia care and service system meets the needs of

Riskstratifiering vid pulmonell arteriell hyper­tension - Ger bättre behandling och prognos – högspecialiserat omhändertagande vid universitetssjukhusen krävs

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive vascular disease, due to vasoconstriction and remodelling of pulmonary arteries. Survival has from diagnosis, if untreated, been found to be 1 to 2.8 years, depending on whether related to rheumatic disease or not. The ESC/ERS risk stratification tool provides a new approach to evaluate the clinical status of PAH patients. It supports a refine

Ten grams and 13,000km on the wing - route choice in willow warblers Phylloscopus trochilus yakutensis migrating from Far East Russia to East Africa

Background: High-latitude bird migration has evolved after the last glaciation, in less than 10,000-15,000years. Migrating songbirds rely on an endogenous migratory program, encoding timing, fueling, and routes, but it is still unknown which compass mechanism they use on migration. We used geolocators to track the migration of willow warblers (Phylloscopus trochilus yakutensis) from their eastern

Patient-derived xenograft models reveal intratumor heterogeneity and temporal stability in neuroblastoma

Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and the Avatar, a single PDX mirroring an individual patient, are emerging tools in preclinical cancer research. However, the consequences of intratumor heterogeneity for PDX modeling of biomarkers, target identification, and treatment decisions remain underexplored. In this study, we undertook serial passaging and comprehensive molecular analysis of neuroblastoma

Indole as a new sustainable aromatic unit for high quality biopolyesters

The aim of this research was to use indole as a new sustainable aromatic unit for polyesters. A series of new polyesters were synthesised by the polycondensation of an indole-based dicarboxylate and five potentially bio-based diols. The new polyesters are amorphous, have superior thermal quality, and can form clear transparent films.

Tuning the Two-Electron Hybridization and Spin States in Parallel-Coupled InAs Quantum Dots

We study spin transport in the one- and two-electron regimes of parallel-coupled double quantum dots (DQDs). The DQDs are formed in InAs nanowires by a combination of crystal-phase engineering and electrostatic gating, with an interdot tunnel coupling (t) tunable by one order of magnitude. Large single-particle energy separations (up to 10 meV) and |g∗| factors (∼10) enable detailed studies of the

Hip complaints differ across age and sex : A population-based reference data for the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS)

Background: The Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) is a self-administered hip-specific questionnaire intended to evaluate symptoms and functional limitations, and it is commonly used to evaluate interventions in individuals with hip dysfunction or hip osteoarthritis. The HOOS consists of 43 questions in five subscales: Pain, Symptoms, Function in daily living, Function in sport

Not now but later - A qualitative study of non-exercising pregnant women's views and experiences of exercise

Background: Evidence has shown that there are several physical and mental advantages of exercise during pregnancy. Despite this, the recommendations for exercise during pregnancy are poorly fulfilled. The aim of this study was to illuminate non-exercising pregnant women's views and experiences concerning exercise before and during pregnancy. Method: The study had a qualitative design with an induc

Steps Control the Dissociation of CO2 on Cu(100)

CO2 reduction reactions, which provide one route to limit the emission of this greenhouse gas, are commonly performed over Cu-based catalysts. Here, we use ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy together with density functional theory to obtain an atomistic understanding of the dissociative adsorption of CO2 on Cu(100). We find that the process is dominated by the presence of steps, whi

Groundwater augmentation through the site selection of floodwater spreading using a data mining approach (case study : Mashhad Plain, Iran)

It is a well-known fact that sustainable development goals are difficult to achieve without a proper water resources management strategy. This study tries to implement some state-of-the-art statistical and data mining models i.e., weights-of-evidence (WoE), boosted regression trees (BRT), and classification and regression tree (CART) to identify suitable areas for artificial recharge through flood