The very last of words of Naming and Necessity are `The third lecture suggests that a good deal of what contemporary philosophy regards as mere physical necessity is actually necessary tout court. The question how far this can be pushed is one I leave for further work.' Kripke (1980). To my knowledge he never conducted that further work; moreover, no one following him has wished to take up the bat

Fifty-four type 2 diabetic patients with neuroischemic foot ulcers were randomised to treatment with 5000 IU of dalteparin, (n = 28), or physiological saline, (n = 26), once daily until ulcer healing or for a maximum of 6 months. Thirty-three patients had normo-, 15 micro-, and 6 macroalbuminuria. The urinary levels of IgM and IgG(2) were elevated in 47 and 50 patients, respectively. Elevated urin

While it is known that scleral search coils-measuring the rotation of the eye globe-and modern, video based eye trackers-tracking the center of the pupil and the corneal reflection (CR)-produce signals with different properties, the mechanisms behind the differences are less investigated. We measure how the size of the pupil affects the eye-tracker signal recorded during saccades with a common pup

While emissions of many biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), such as terpenoids, have been studied quite intensively in North American and Scandinavian boreal forests, the vast Siberian boreal forests have remained largely unexplored by experimental emission studies. In this study the shoot-scale terpenoid emission rates from two mature Larix cajanderi trees growing in their natural habita

OBJECTIVES: To design and validate a scoring system for tomosynthesis (digital tomography) in pulmonary cystic fibrosis. METHODS: A scoring system dedicated to tomosynthesis in pulmonary cystic fibrosis was designed. Three radiologists independently scored 88 pairs of radiographs and tomosynthesis examinations of the chest in 60 patients with cystic fibrosis and 7 oncology patients. Radiograph

Abstract in UndeterminedThe testing effect is conceptualized as the benefit for remembering items that were studied and tested rather than just studied. Thus far, little is known about the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms. In an event-related potential (ERP) study, we investigated the immediate consequences of testing on recollection processes. During an initial study phase, participants encou

This phase 3, randomized, double-blind study assessed the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide in 205 red blood cell (RBC) transfusion-dependent patients with International Prognostic Scoring System Low-/Intermediate-1-risk del5q31 myelodysplastic syndromes. Patients received lenalidomide 10 mg/day on days 1-21 (n = 69) or 5 mg/day on days 1-28 (n = 69) of 28-day cycles; or placebo (n = 67). Crosso

We study the associated production of a charged Higgs and a W boson in high-energy pp collisions at the LHC. This is an interesting process for charged Higgs discovery, or exclusion, since the production cross section could depend strongly on the model, offering potential discriminating power between supersymmetric extensions of the standard model with minimal or extended Higgs sectors. We compute

INTRODUCTION: Endometrial cancer patients with high grade tumours, deep myometrial invasion or advanced stage disease have a poor prognosis. Randomised studies have demonstrated the prevention of loco-regional relapses with radiotherapy (RT) with no effect on overall survival (OS). The possible additive effect of chemotherapy (CT) remains unclear. Two randomised clinical trials (NSGO-EC-9501/EORTC

How land-application of digestate sourced from anaerobic digestion (AD) of animal waste influences the functioning of a mixed pasture agroecosystem is not well characterised, particularly with regard to the response of the actively growing microbial community. We studied the impact of the liquid AD digestate on the decomposer community in two different soils, seeded with two different common grass

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between poor sleep and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), and to test the hypothesis that poor sleep is a risk factor for the development of NSSI in young adolescents. Questionnaire data were used from a 2-wave longitudinal study of a community sample of 881 young Swedish adolescents. The results showed that 7 % of the girls reported poor sleep (n

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a well-established tumor marker, which is frequently employed as model biomarker to develop and evaluate emerging quantitative proteomics techniques, partially due to wide access to commercialized immunoassays serving as "gold standard". We designed a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) assay to detect PSA proteoforms in clinical samples (n=72), utilizing specific

The study aimed to assess, in multiple populations, the role of HLA alleles on early and late age at onset of type 1 diabetes. Stepwise linear regression models were used to determine which HLA class I and class II risk alleles to include. High-resolution genotyping data for patients from the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium (T1DGC) collection (n = 2,278) and four independent cohorts from Denma

Expression of fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF-8) is increased in several forms of hormonal cancer. It was previously shown to regulate expression of thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), an inhibitor of angiogencsis, in S115 breast cancer cells. Here, we studied the FGF-8-activated signalling pathways mediating TSP-1 repression in S115 cells and in non-tumorigenic MCF10A cells. Inhibition of FGF receptors or

We reappraised the five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared CTG+ST vs. CTG. The numbers enrolled ranged from 5681 (Dutch RCT) to 799 (French RCT). The Swedish RCT (N=5049) was the only trial adequately powered to show a difference in metabolic acidosis, and the Plymouth RCT (N=2434) was only powered to show a difference in operative delivery for fetal distress. There were considerabl

Senescence is characterized by a decline in survival, fecundity and reproductive value with age among adult individuals. Simple age-dependent life cycles progress forward through developmental stages, with each successive stage being characterized by age-specific vital rates. In contrast, size- or stage-based life cycles for perennial plants are more complex and often include stasis and retrogress

Solar energy absorbed by plants results in either reflection or absorption. The latter results in photosynthesis, fluorescence, or heat. Measurements of fluorescence changes have been used for monitoring processes associated with photosynthesis. A simple method to follow changes in leaf fluorescence and leaf reflectance associated with nonphotochemical quenching and light acclimation of leaves is

Patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) have in ongoing risk of sudden incapacitation that might cause harm to others while driving a car. Driving restrictions vary across different countries in Europe. The most recent recommendations for driving of ICD patients in Europe were published in 1997 and focused mainly oil patients implanted for secondary prevention. In recent year

The 10q26 locus in the second intron of FGFR2 is the locus most strongly associated with estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer in genome-wide association studies. We conducted fine-scale mapping in case-control studies genotyped with a custom chip (iCOGS), comprising 41 studies (n = 89,050) of European ancestry, 9 Asian ancestry studies (n = 13,983), and 2 African ancestry studies (n = 2,028) f