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This report describes evacuation experiments, which were performed in a smoke filled tunnel. The tunnel was filled with artificial smoke and acetic acid was used to achieve irritation of the eyes and upper respiratory tract. In the experiments 46 persons walked through the tunnel one at a time, while they were filmed with infra red cameras. All participants answered a questionnaire and some were a
Searching for a possible explanation for the phenotypic heterogeneity in IgG3 deficiency, we studied the antibody response to a polysaccharide and a protein antigen in IgG3-deficient (IgG3d) adults after vaccination with Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide (Hib CP) conjugated to tetanus toxoid. Distribution of isotypes, idiotypes, clonotypes, and Gm allotypes were compared. All t
The impact of warmer climate on melt and evaporation was studied for tainted, snowfed and glacierfed basins located in the western Himalayan region. Hydrological processes were simulated under current climatic conditions using a conceptual hydrological model, which accounts for the rainfall-runoff, evaporation losses, snow and glacier melt. After simulations of daily observed strearnflow (R-2 = 0.
Purpose: To establish whether intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations contribute to the risk of developing glaucoma in patients with high-risk ocular hypertension. Methods: Ninety patients included in the Malmo Ocular Hypertension Study were examined every 3 months with office-hours diurnal tension curves and computerised perimetry. Patients were followed up prospectively for 10 years or until gla
The alpha-root3xroot3, beta-root3xroot3, and 6x6 surfaces of Au/Si(111) have been studied by angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES). The alpha-root3xroot3 surface shows four surface state bands, one of which is a dispersing metallic band. Except for one nondispersing band near the Fermi level, the beta-root3xroot3 surface shows surface bands that are similar to those of alpha-root3xroot
A linear distinguishing attack on the stream cipher Scream is proposed. When the keystream is of length 2(98) words, the distinguisher has a detectable advantage. When the keystream length is around 2(120) the advantage is very close to 1. This shows certain weaknesses of Scream. In the process, the paper introduces new general ideas on how to improve the performance of linear distinguishing attac
Interaction effects of UV-B and CO2 on three lichens species, Cladonia arbusculo, Cetraria islandica and Stereocaulon paschale, from two latitudinal sites, 68N and 56N, were studied in a laboratory experiment. The response of the plants was recorded by measuring their chlorophyll fluorescence. All species had a similar response to enhanced UV-B depending on the latitude from which the population c
This work deals with the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic agricultural residues, by means of combined pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, to be used for ethanol production. Four agricultural by-products, i.e. barley husk, wheat bran and the waste streams of a combined starch and ethanol factory, denoted wheat starch fibres and starch-free fibres B, were investigated. The starch in wheat bran and w
The differential operator -(d2/dx2)-(y/x), γ∈R, in one dimension is studied using distribution theory. It is proven that there exists a unique self-adjoint operator corresponding to the differential expression understood in the principle-value sense. Point interactions determined by the singular operator -(d2/dx2)-(y/x)+αδ(x) are studied
Results from the application of a modified dual photopeak window scatter correction method to Monte Carlo simulated Tl-201 emission images are presented. In the Monte Carlo investigation, individual simulations are performed for six radiation emissions of Tl-201. For each emission, point sources of Tl-201 are imaged at various locations in a water-filled elliptical tub phantom using three energy w
Data supporting the notion that exercise during growth built a stronger skeleton is compelling. Exercise during growth, especially during the pre-pubertal years, increases bone mineral density (BMD) and perhaps also bone size, each independently conferring bone strength. In adulthood, exercise at best halts bone loss or increases BMD by a few percentage points, an increase of questionable biologic
This thesis deals with computational methods in algebra, mainly focusing on the concept of Gröbner and SAGBI bases in non-commutative algebras. The material has a natural division into two parts. The first part is a rather extensive treatment of the basic theory of Gröbner bases and SAGBI bases in the non-commutative polynomial ring. The second part is a collection of six papers. In the first pap
The nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system has an essential role in the selection and control of movement sequences, and its degeneration causes the characteristic motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonian motor symptoms are alleviated by l-DOPA, but this treatment induces motor fluctuations and dyskinesias (abnormal involuntary movements). Clinical and experimental findings indicate that th
Scattering of electromagnetic waves from a red blood cell is simulated using the finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD), the Rytov approximation and the discrete dipole approximation (DDA). Both FDTD and DDA are full wave methods that give accurate results in a wide range of wavelengths. The Rytov approximation is a much simpler method that is limited to scattering angles within 30/spl deg/ f
Lifetimes for the3S1,3P0, 1, 2 and3D1, 2, 3 states in the 3s23p5p configuration of silicon have been determined using stepwise dye laser excitation and time resolved detection. A comparison is made with theoretical values, calculated using multi-configuration Hartree-Fock wavefunctions. Laser-evaporation was used to produce free silicon atoms by focusing a Nd: YAG laser on a rotating silicon targe
