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On the Use of Panel Cointegration Tests in Energy Economics

There is a burgeoning literature based on using panel cointegration techniques to study the relationship between energy consumption and GDP. Most panel cointegration tests employed take no cointegration as the null hypothesis. The current paper illustrates how a rejection by such a test cannot be taken as evidence of cointegration for the panel as a whole, a fact that seems to have gone largely un

A mathematical model of spit growth and barrier elongation: Application to Fire Island Inlet (USA) and Badreveln Spit (Sweden)

A mathematical model of spit growth and barrier elongation adjacent to an inlet (of arbitrary width), supplied by sediment coming from longshore sediment transport, was developed based on the spit growth model proposed by Kraus (1999). The fundamental governing equation is the conservation equation for sand, where the width of the spit is assumed constant during growth. The portion of the longshor

Direct determination of protonation states and visualization of hydrogen bonding in a glycoside hydrolase with neutron crystallography.

Glycoside hydrolase (GH) enzymes apply acid/base chemistry to catalyze the decomposition of complex carbohydrates. These ubiquitous enzymes accept protons from solvent and donate them to substrates at close to neutral pH by modulating the pKa values of key side chains during catalysis. However, it is not known how the catalytic acid residue acquires a proton and transfers it efficiently to the sub

Differences in trabecular bone texture between knees with and without radiographic osteoarthritis detected by directional fractal signature method

Objective: To evaluate differences in tibial trabecular bone (TB) texture between subjects with and without radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) using a variance orientation transform (VOT) method. Design: Subjects with knee OA (Kellgren & Lawrence grade >= 2) and controls without OA (both n = 26, seven women) were matched by sex, age, body mass index and compartment. The VOT method was appli

New insights and challenges in microscopic colitis

Microscopic colitis (MC) is described as an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by chronic, bloodless diarrhea with normal or close to normal endoscopic findings. Histopathological examination reveals two subtypes: collagenous colitis (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC), which are indistinguishable clinically. The disease debuts typically in middle-aged patients, but can occur at all ages, incl

Observation of Spin Correlation in t(t)over-bar Events from pp Collisions at root s=7 TeV Using the ATLAS Detector

A measurement of spin correlation in t (t) over bar production is reported using data collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.1 fb(-1). Candidate events are selected in the dilepton topology with large missing transverse energy and at least two jets. The difference in azimuthal angle between the two charged leptons in the laboratory frame is use

Early life low-level cadmium exposure is positively associated with increased oxidative stress

Environmental exposure to cadmium (Cd) is known to induce oxidative stress, a state of imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability to detoxify them, in adults. However, data are lacking on potential effects in early-life. We evaluated urinary concentrations of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), a recognized marker of oxidative DNA damage, in relati

Vitamin A supplementation and BCG vaccination at birth in low birthweight neonates: two by two factorial randomised controlled trial

Objective To investigate the effect of vitamin A supplementation and BCG vaccination at birth in low birthweight neonates. Design Randomised, placebo controlled, two by two factorial trial. Setting Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. Participants 1717 low birthweight neonates born at the national hospital. Intervention Neonates who weighed less than 2.5 kg were randomly assigned to 25 000 IU vitamin A or place

On Measurement of Avoidable and Unavoidable Cost of Alcohol: An Application of Method for Estimating Costs Due To Prior Consumption

This study estimates the avoidable and unavoidable costs of alcohol-related, liver cirrhosis inpatient care, controlling for the lag structure and period of decline in disease risk. Lag structures with different lengths are applied to the exposure to risk from alcohol consumption, which allows for differentiation between avoidable and unavoidable cases due to prior consumption. A lag length of 20

Effects of gadolinium contrast agent on aortic blood flow and myocardial strain measurements by phase-contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance

Background: Quantitative blood flow and aspects of regional myocardial function such as myocardial displacement and strain can be measured using phase-contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance (PC-CMR). Since a gadolinium-based contrast agent is often used to measure myocardial infarct size, we sought to determine whether the contrast agent affects measurements of aortic flow and myocardial displ

Natural history and physiological determinants of changes in glucose tolerance in a non-diabetic population: the RISC Study

The natural history and physiological determinants of glucose intolerance in subjects living in Europe have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to increase our understanding of this area. We analysed the data from a population-based cohort of 1,048 non-diabetic, normotensive men and women (aged 30-60 years) in whom insulin sensitivity was measured by the glucose clamp technique (M/I i

Protective ventilation in experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome after ventilator-induced lung injury: a randomized controlled trial

Low tidal volume (V-T), PEEP, and low plateau pressure (P-PLAT) are lung protective during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This study tested the hypothesis that the aspiration of dead space (ASPIDS) together with computer simulation can help maintain gas exchange at these settings, thus promoting protection of the lungs. ARDS was induced in pigs using surfactant perturbation plus an in

Structural, spectroscopic, and electrochemical properties of tri- and tetradentate N-3 and N3S copper complexes with mixed benzimidazole/thioether donors

Cupric and cuprous complexes of bis(2-methylbenzimidazolyl)(2-methylthiophene) amine (L-1), bis(2-methylbenzimidazolyl)benzylamine (L-2), bis(2-methylbenzimidazolyl)(2,4-dimethylphenylthioethyl)-amine (L-3), bis(1-methyl-2-methylbenzimidazolyl)benzylamine (Me2L2), and bis(1-methyl-2-methylbenzimidazolyl)(2,4-dimethylphenylthioethyl)amine (Me2L3) have been spectroscopically, structurally, and elect

90Yttrium-Ibritumomab-Tiuxetan as First-Line Treatment for Follicular Lymphoma: 30 Months of Follow-Up Data From an International Multicenter Phase II Clinical Trial.

PURPOSEWe report on a multicenter phase II trial of (90)yttrium-ibritumomab-tiuxetan ((90)YIT) as first-line stand-alone therapy for patients with follicular lymphoma (FL). PATIENTS AND METHODSFifty-nine patients with CD20(+) FL grade 1 to 3a in stages II, III, or IV, age 50 years old or older requiring therapy were enrolled. They received (90)YIT according to standard procedure. If complete respo

Bitter taste receptor agonists mediate relaxation of human and rodent vascular smooth muscle.

Taste-sensing type 2 receptors (TAS2Rs) have been implicated in extraoral functions. Airway smooth muscle expresses TAS2Rs and is strongly relaxed by TAS2R agonists. We hypothesised that TAS2R agonists might affect vascular smooth muscle as well. Moreover, the general pharmacological profile of TAS2R agonists, which are used to investigate the functions of TAS2R׳s, are undefined. The aim of this s

Towards eliminating systematic errors caused by the experimental conditions in Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) tests.

The Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) test is increasingly recognised as a tool for selecting and pricing biomass material for production of biogas. However, the results for the same substrate often differ between laboratories and much work to standardise such tests is still needed. In the current study, the effects from four environmental factors (i.e. ambient temperature and pressure, water va

PATIENT DOSIMETRY IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE.

In diagnostic nuclear medicine, the biokinetics of the radiopharmaceutical (actually of the radionuclide) is determined for a number of representative patients. At therapy, it is essential to determine the patient's individual biokinetics of the radiopharmaceutical in order to calculate the absorbed doses to critical normal organs/tissues and to the target volume(s) with high accuracy. For the dia

Using the HCR-20 to Predict Aggressive Behavior among Men with Schizophrenia Living in the Community: Accuracy of Prediction, General and Forensic Settings, and Dynamic Risk Factors

The HCR-20 is widely used to assess risk of violence among patients with schizophrenia. Further understanding of the accuracy and changes over time in C and R scores is needed. Using prospectively collected data on 248 men with schizophrenia, the present study found that the HCR-20 significantly predicted aggressive behavior over 24 months. The H, C, R, HCR-20 total, and final risk judgment scores