In partially premixed combustion engines high octane number fuels are injected into the cylinder during the late part of the compression cycle, giving the fuel and oxidizer enough time to mix into a desirable stratified mixture. If ignited by auto-ignition such a gas composition can react in a combustion mode dominated by ignition wave propagation. 3D-CFD modeling of such a combustion mode is chal

Methanol is a genuine candidate on the alternative fuel market for internal combustion engines, especially within the heavy-duty transportation sector. Partially premixed combustion (PPC) engine concept, known for its high efficiency and low emission rates, can be promoted further with methanol fuel due to its unique thermo-physical properties. The low stoichiometric air to fuel ratio allows to ut

The present work describes the numerical modeling of medium-speed marine engines, operating in a fumigated dual-fuel mode, i.e. with the second fuel injected in the ports. This engine technology allows reducing engine-out emissions while maintaining the engine efficiency and can be fairly easily retrofitted from current diesel engines. The main premixed fuel that is added can be a low-carbon one a

Although references to China were few and fragmentary, the example of a ‘stationary’ East Asian Empire featured importantly in Scottish Enlightenment ideas about religion and political economy. David Hume considered whether the apparently long-flourishing system of Chinese government, grounded in rationally deduced deistic ethics, could provide an example for Western nations. Later in the eighteen

Focusing on artful, embodied listening as a method of analysing the emotional intensities of place, this article calls for academic geographers to listen to practitioners of nonacademic geography. It explores an ethical and methodological agenda for understanding how pop musicians have heard the world, and for taking them seriously as creative geographers who contribute sophisticated interpretatio

Purpose To study the epidemiology of Dupuytren disease and evaluate treatment outcome of collagenase injections using a modified method.Patients and methods Paper I is a register-based study. From the general population of Skåne region (1.3 million) in southern Sweden, we identified all residents aged ≥20 years who had been diagnosed with Dupuytren disease during a 16-year period and identified tr

This paper examines the place of women’s geographical reading in a centre of Enlightenment: Edinburgh, 1770–1810. It analyses two sets of booksellers’ records to identify key sites – women’s private libraries, Georgian domestic spaces, and women’s schools and boarding houses – in which women engaged with the geographical materials sold in the city’s bookshops: maps, globes, travel accounts, gazett

In this paper, computation fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed to describe the effect of in-cylinder flow structures on the formation and oxidation of soot in a swirl-supported light-duty diesel engine. The focus of the paper is on the effect of swirl motion and injection pressure on late cycle soot oxidation. The structure of the flow at different swirl numbers is studied to investigat

Two-particle correlations in high-energy collision experiments enable the extraction of particle source radii by using the Bose-Einstein enhancement of pion production at low relative momentum q ∝ 1/R. It was previously observed that in pp collisions at s = 7TeV the average pair transverse momentum kT range of such analyses is limited due to large background correlations which were attributed to m

Two-color ionization is a powerful method for characterizing light fields and investigating atomic and molecular physics with attosecond sources based on High Harmonic Generation (HHG). Depending on the time duration of the light fields, two main techniques have been established: streaking [1], appropriate in the regime where a single attosecond pulse is generated, and RABBIT, used instead when a

Ultrashort laser pulses have become an indispensable tool in physics, chemistry and engineering. Their numerous applications call for accurate and robust characterization techniques able to reliably retrieve the pulse's intensity profile. Different methods, such as FROG [1] or SPIDER [2] and their variants, have been developed in past decades and are now common in many laboratories. More novel app

There is an urgent need of improving the lives of 100 million slum dwellers until year 2020. The Habitat Agenda has identified self-help housing among other enabling housing strategies. This paper focuses on mapping organizations and different types of organized self-help housing (OSHH) projects since year 2000 with the aim of analyzing important lessons from practice. An international survey was

The present invention describes a method for the treatment of tall oil pitch (TOP), said method comprising heating the TOP and optionally additives including water and steam to a temperature of at least 300°C; maintaining the temperature in the reactor at 300°C or higher for a period of time to enable thermal treatment of the TOP to act on components thereof toproduce fatty acids and/or rosin acid

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Främsta källan till läkemedel i miljön är att vi människor inte bryter ner det vi stoppar i oss och att avloppsreningsverk inte heller helt eliminerar resterna i reningsprocessen. Koncentrationerna i naturen är dock ofta låga men vattenlevande organismer kan ackumulera vissa läkemedel så koncentrationen i deras kroppar blir högre än i omgivningen, så kallad bioacPharmaceuticals are found at low concentrations (ng/L) in aquatic environments but bioaccumulation may result in aquatic organisms reaching internal effect levels (µg/L). Environmental hazard assessments include standardized bioaccumulation tests but contrary to the model substances around which the frameworks are built most pharmaceuticals are designed to mimic endogenic chemicals, ionizable, and

Macroporous cryogels for capturing cisplatin were synthesized by cryogelation polymerization of methacrylic acid and 2-hydroxyethyl metacrylate. The cryogel materials exhibited good mechanical property, high swelling ratio and high affinity for cisplatin, with an adsorption capacity of up to 150 mg cisplatin per gram of cryogel. The correlation between the capacity of the cryogel and the monomer c

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyse associations between sexual orientation and poor psychological health. Study design: This was a cross-sectional study. Methods: The 2012 public health survey in Scania, Southern Sweden, is a cross-sectional population-based study with 28,029 participants aged 18–80 years. Logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: The prevalence of po

Digitally animated characters are promising tools in research studying how we integrate information from speech and visual sources such as gestures because they allow specific gesture features to be manipulated in isolation. We present an approach combining motion capture and 3D-animated characters that allows us to manipulate natural individual gesture strokes for experimental purposes, for examp