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På AI-teknikens axlar : Om kunskapssociologin och stark artificiell intelligens

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen diskuterar Sociologins position i debatten kring artificiell intelligens, d.v.s sådan AI som kan skapa kunskap på egen hand. Det påpekas att sociologin behöver göra en åtskillnad mellan två sätt att skapa AI system: Symbolisk AI (eller Klassisk AI) och Distribuerad AI – DAI. Den sociologiska litteraturen visar en i stort kritisk attityd till symbolisk AI viThis dissertation is concerned with Sociology’s stance in the debate on Strong Artificial Intelligence, i.e. such AI that is able to shape new knowledge without human interference. There is a need for sociologists to realize the difference between two approaches to constructing AI systems: Symbolic AI (or Classic AI) and Distributed AI – DAI. Sociological literature shows a largely critical attitu

Quasifreestanding single-layer hexagonal boron nitride as a substrate for graphene synthesis

We demonstrate that freeing a single-atom thick layer of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) from tight chemical bonding to a Ni(111) thin film grown on a W(110) substrate can be achieved by intercalation of Au atoms into the interface. This process has been systematically investigated using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, x-ray photoemission, and absorption techniques. It has been demonstra

Methodologies for characterising and valuing energy security — A short critical review

Security of supply is widely addressed in the academia. In this paper we conduct a review of methodologies, discuss strengths and weaknesses and identify areas that would benefit from further research and methodology development. A distinction is made between methodologies used to assess general vulnerability and those that value the outcome of insecurity by testing how energy systems respond to d

Expeditioner i det förflutna : etnologiska fältarbeten och försvinnande allmogekultur under 1900-talets början

Popular Abstract in Swedish Under 1900-talets inledande decennier genomfördes fältarbeten på den svenska landsbygden då äldre bebyggelse och byar dokumenterades på bild och i ord. Dessa dokumentationer ingick i ett större sammanhang, där ambitionen var att alla aspekter av en förmodat försvinnande allmogekultur skulle kartläggas, samlas in och arkiveras. By- och bebyggelsedokumentationerna utfördeIn the first decades of the twentieth century there were fieldwork expeditions in rural Sweden, documenting archaic buildings and villages in words and pictures. These documentation efforts were part of a larger context, where the ambition was to survey and collect all aspects of what was presumed to be a vanishing peasant culture. The documentation was carried out by several different museums and

Spin-related phenomena in InAs/GaSb quantum wells

We have studied theoretically the influence of symmetry breaking mechanisms: structural inversion asymmetry, bulk inversion asymmetry, relativistic and non-relativistic interface Hamiltonian and warping on spin split of levels Delta E and optical absorption of linearly polarized light in asymmetrical quantum wells made from zincblende materials grown on [001] direction. The AlSb/InAs/GaSb/AlSb bro

Simulated Mid-ranging Control of Propofol and Remifentanil using EEG-measured Hypnotic Depth of Anesthesia

This paper suggests an extension of an existing, clinically evaluated, closed-loop drug delivery system for hypnotic depth control using propofol. The extension introduces closed-loop administration of the analgesic drug remifentanil, thus forming a multiple input–single output (MISO) control system. Remifentanil acts and is metabolized at a significantly faster time scale than propofol. Direct co

Producing Prod-Users: Conditional Participation in a Web 2.0 Consumer Community

Is contemporary media ecology an ecology that offers unprecedented freedom for producing participators, the "prod-users," or could it also be understood as an ecology in which various forms of user participation are in fact conditioned, or manufactured, by professional producers? Considering the increasing research attention paid to various notions of user participation, these questions become imp

Approximate Dynamic Programming with Applications

This thesis studies approximate optimal control of nonlinear systems. Particular attention is given to global solutions and to the computation of approximately optimal feedback controllers. The solution to an optimal control problem is characterized by the optimal value function. For a large class of problems the optimal value function must satisfy a Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman type equation. Two comm

Swan foraging shapes spatial distribution of two submerged plants, favouring the preferred prey species.

Compared to terrestrial environments, grazing intensity on belowground plant parts may be particularly strong in aquatic environments, which may have great effects on plant-community structure. We observed that the submerged macrophyte, Potamogeton pectinatus, which mainly reproduces with tubers, often grows at intermediate water depth and that P. perfoliatus, which mainly reproduces with rhizomes

Stem cell based therapy of malignant brain tumors

Malignant brain tumor is a highly invasive and vascularized cancer. Current forms of therapy are not curative and can, at best, prolong survival for patients with this disease. The mean survival is only around 15 months. The aims of the present thesis have been to develop and explore a stem cell based vector system for delivery of therapeutic transgenes to experimental gliomas. First, we investiga

Gender differences in perinatal morbidity and long term consequences of preterm birth

Newborn male infants have higher morbidity and mortality than female infants. Male fetal gender is associated with an overall increased risk of preterm birth and complications related to pregnancy are overrepresented in women carrying male fetuses. Several studies have shown that being newborn and of male gender are independent risk factors for adverse outcome. Even though experimental data from n

Detection of Saccades and Postsaccadic Oscillations in the Presence of Smooth Pursuit

A novel algorithm for detection of saccades and postsaccadic oscillations in the presence of smooth pursuit movements is proposed. The method combines saccade detection in the acceleration domain with specialized on- and offset criteria for saccades and postsaccadic oscillations. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated by comparing the detection results to those of an existing velocity-based

Upper gastrointestinal dysmotility - from endocrinological pathogenesis to symptoms

Popular Abstract in Swedish Diabetes mellitus är en folksjukdom som blir allt vanligare, sannolikt till stor del på grund av vår moderna livsstil. Individer med diabetes löper större risk att utveckla många olika komplikationer, bland annat i ögonen, njurarna, blodkärlen och magtarmkanalen. Många diabetiker drabbas av förlångsammad tömning av magsäcken, vilket även kallas gastropares. Gastropares Gastrointestinal dysmotility is common, particularly in patients with diabetes mellitus. The aim of this thesis is to explore whether gastrointestinal dysmotility and endocrine secretion are interrelated, and how the symptoms manifest themselves in these patients. Patients with diabetes mellitus and gastrointestinal symptoms underwent gastric emptying scintigraphy, esophageal manometry and deep-

Status Homogamy in the Preindustrial Marriage Market: Partner Selection According to Age, Social Origin, and Place of Birth in Nineteenth-century Rural Sweden

This article studies partner selection according to three dimensions: social origin, age, and place of birth. The authors use micro-level data from local population registers in five parishes in southern Sweden from 1815 to 1895.The results confirm that all three aspects were important but that socioeconomic status was the most important characteristic,structuring much of the selection process.The

Cross-national and multi-language qualitative research: challenges and recommendations

Interest in cross-national partnership is increasing in Europe, a situation very much reflected in calls for funding. Multi-language qualitative research methodologies need to be strengthened in order to support this growing trend toward the promotion of cross-national collaboration. This practice analysis reports on our experience of carrying out cross-national and multi-language based qualitativ

Toxicity of fungicides to natural bacterial communities in wetland water and sediment measured using leucine incorporation and potential denitrification.

We assessed potential toxicity of fungicides to natural bacterial communities from a constructed wetland, located in southern Sweden, and compared the sensitivity of two endpoints indicating bacterial activity, leucine incorporation, and potential denitrification, in detecting toxicity. The effects of eight fungicides (benomyl, carbendazim, carboxin, captan, cycloheximide, fenpropimorph, propicona

The influence of the sigma resonance on the Auger decay of core-ionized molecular nitrogen

Auger spectra from the decay of core-ionized N-2 have been studied as a function of the exciting photon energy. Discrete features appear in the Auger spectrum when the photon energy is tuned to the shape-resonance region at 420 eV. The Auger spectra for two final dicationic states are studied; simulations of the contributions from the decay of the gerade and ungerade core-hole states are made base