In a simulation model we investigated how much of the initial genetic variation that is retained in a population after a dominant mutation has brought apomixis to fixation in it. A marker allele associated with the apomixis mutation is generally retained after the fixation of apomixis, particularly if the two alleles are closely linked. The spread of asexuality, however, normally leads to almost n

We review and analyze the possible advantages and disadvantages of plant-stress-related metabolic and structural changes on applications in the fruit and vegetable processing industry. Knowledge of the cellular and tissue transformations that result from environmental conditions or industrial manipulation is a powerful means for food engineers to gain a better understanding of biological systems i

BACKGROUND. Leiomyosarcoma of nonvisceral soft tissues is an uncommon malignant tumor; thus, only small numbers of cases have been reported. This study was based on a large series of patients from the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group Register acquired during a 15-year period (from 1986 to 2001). Follow-up information was available for all patients. METHODS. The authors analyzed the clinical features of

The local ground geomagnetic field fluctuations (AB) are dominated by high frequencies and 83% of the power is located at periods of 32 min or less. By forming 10-min root-mean-square (RMS) of A B a major part of this variation is captured. Using measured geomagnetic induced currents (GIC), from a power grid transformer in Southern Sweden, it is shown that the 10-min standard deviation GIC may be

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to establish reference data representative of normal findings at transvaginal color and spectral Doppler ultrasonographic examination of the uteroplacental and luteal circulation in the first trimester and to relate the Doppler findings to morphologic data. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was performed of 64 uncomplicated pregnancies of 5 to 11 completed gestationa

Although previous research has explored associations between personality and depressive symptoms, a limited number of studies have assessed the extent to which genetic and environmental influences explain the association. This study investigated how temperament and character were associated with depressive symptoms in 131 pairs of twin and sibling women in early adulthood, as well as 326 pairs of

The effective electric and magnetic material properties of a complex (two-component) mixture are addressed. The mixture is periodic in two directions and has a finite thickness in the third direction. Specifically, the explicit problem of finding the effective electric parameters for slab that has been reinforced by a layer (or several layers) of glass fiber is investigated. The homogenization pro

BACKGROUND: Rhinorrhea is a key symptom of allergic rhinitis and this disease feature is reduced by antihistamine treatment. The nasal output of fluid in allergic rhinitis is associated with luminal appearance of bioactive molecules emanating from the microcirculation as well as the secretory apparatus. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we examined the effects of antihistamine treatment on nasal sy

Although several studies have examined how honeybees gauge and report the distance and direction of a food source to their nestmates, relatively little is known about how this information is combined to obtain a representation of the position of the food source. In this study we manipulate the amount of celestial compass information available to the bee during flight, and analyse the encoding of s

We have measured the differential cross section for the gamman-->pi(-)p and gammap-->pi(+)n reactions at theta(c.m.)=90degrees in the photon energy range from 1.1 to 5.5 GeV at Jefferson Lab (JLab). The data at E(gamma)greater than or similar to3.3 GeV exhibit a global scaling behavior for both pi(-) and pi(+) photoproduction, consistent with the constituent counting rule and the existing pi(+) ph

Among 400 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and measurable ramus height there were 76 patients with mutilating arthritis of the temporomandibular joints. In 30 of these 400 patients, episodes of upper airway obstruction had occurred, mostly when the patient lay supine. Laryngoscopy had been performed in only 7 patients, and in 3 of those a laryngeal arthritis was detected. Upper airway obstructio

Differential reproductive investment by the mother can critically influence offspring development and phenotype, and strong selection is therefore expected to act on such maternal effects. Although a genetic basis is a prerequisite for phenotypic traits to respond to selection and thus to evolve, we still know very little about the extent of heritable variation in maternal effects in natural popul

We recently finished a position paper on Swedish working life research for the Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research (1). An obvious question was the definition of "working life research". Searching the literature, we found a plethora of terms used to describe this area and lack of a generally accepted definition. It also became clear that the primary goals of such research varied w

Carex humilis is a clonal sedge that can form distinct rings of densely aggregated ramets. We hypothesize that rings form because both production of new ramets and ramet dispersal are positively correlated to ramet size. This would lead to an overrepresentation of fast-moving and large ramets with high ramet production at the periphery, whereas slow-moving and small ramets with low ramet productio

Water-based copolymer dispersions were prepared using methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl acrylate (EA) (MMA/EA = 1:2), and a series of nonionic polymerizable surfactants, i.e., "surfmers" based on poly(ethylene glycol)-(meth)acrylates. The latexes were compared with the behavior of a conventionally stabilized (nonionic nonylphenol ethoxylate, NP100 with 84 ethylene oxide units) dispersion with the s