The presence of two spectrally different kinds of rod photoreceptors in amphibians has been hypothesized to enable purely rod-based colour vision at very low light levels. The hypothesis has never been properly tested, so we performed three behavioural experiments at different light intensities with toads (Bufo) and frogs (Rana) to determine the thresholds for colour discrimination. The thresholds

This study explores a bi-isotopic approach to migration, adding δ18O values to samples with 87Sr/86Sr values for 109 individuals from the Iron Age (500 BCE–1050 CE) on the island of Öland, Sweden. Determining a local baseline for 87Sr/86Sr was complicated due to the wide range of variation in faunal samples so we divided the human values into three groups: local, non-local and undetermined. The ad

Methanol is today considered a viable green fuel for combustion engines because of its low soot emissions and the possibility of it being produced in a CO2-neutral manner. Methanol as a fuel for combustion engines have attracted interest throughout history and much research was conducted during the oil crisis in the seventies. In the beginning of the eighties the oil prices began to decrease and i

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) includes well-established methods to study the local structure around the absorbing element - extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and the effective oxidation number or to quantitatively determine the speciation of an element in a complex matrix - X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES). The increased brilliance and intensities available at the

A background on the Europan Spallation Source is given, and our work on three control problems important for the design of its linear accelerator are presented.

This paper examines critically the reconstruction of the ‘Sherlock Holmes sense of deduction’ proposed jointly by M.B. Hintikka (1939–1987) and J. Hintikka (1929–2016) in the 1980s, and its successor, the interrogative model of inquiry (imi) developed by J. Hintikka and his collaborators in the 1990s. The Hintikkas’ model explicitly used game theory in order to formalize a naturalistic approach to

Recently, several convergence rate results for Douglas-Rachford splitting and the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) have been presented in the literature. In this paper, we show global linear convergence rate bounds for Douglas-Rachford splitting and ADMM under strong convexity and smoothness assumptions. We further show that the rate bounds are tight for the class of problems und

This paper describes an extensive propagation channel measurement campaign in a warehouse environment for line-of-sight (LOS) and nonline-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios. The measurement setup employs a vector network analyzer operating in the 2-8-GHz frequency band combined with an 8×8 virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array. We develop a comprehensive statistical propagation channe

Colloidal dispersions have attracted much attention both from academia and industry due to industrial significance and complex dynamic properties. Accordingly, a variety of attempts have been made to understand the complicated physics of colloidal dispersions. Particle dynamics simulation has been playing an important role in exploring colloidal systems as a strong complement to experimental appro

InAs nanowires (NW) grown by MOCVD with diameter d as small as 10 nm and gate-All-Around (GAA) MOSFETs with d = 12-15 nm are demonstrated. Ion = 314 μA/μm, and Ssat =68 mV/dec was achieved at Vdd = 0.5 V (Ioff = 0.1 μA/μm). Highest gm measured is 2693 μS/μm. Device performance is enabled by small diameter and optimized high-k/InAs gate stack process. Device performance tradeoffs between gm, Ron, a

The inclusive gluon production at midrapidities is described in the color glass condensate formalism using the kT-factorization formula, which was derived at fixed coupling constant considering the scattering of a dilute system of partons with a dense one. Recent analysis demonstrated that this approach provides a satisfactory description of the experimental data for the inclusive hadron productio

The effects of temperature-dependent thermophysical properties on droplet flow characteristics in a parallel-plate channel at submicron scale are investigated. The dissipative particle dynamics method with many-body (MDPD) and energy conservation (DPDe) configurations (MDPDe) was used. Droplet flows were simulated to study the effects of the temperature difference between top and bottom walls, bod

Background: About 73% of the population in Sierra Leone live in multidimensional poverty which makes Sierra Leone to be one of the poorest countries in the world. Sierra Leone suffered from a decade long civil war, 1991-2002, where humiliating methods were used such as machete amputations of civilians and the progress of eradicating poliomyelitis was hindered. Purpose: The aim of this study was to

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) defects were known to be associated with a large spectrum of human diseases and patients might present wide range of clinical features with various combinations. Mutations in mitochondrial tRNAs, rRNAs and protein-coding genes or large-scale rearrangements have been implicated in several cytopathies. Mitochondrial myopathies, usually maternally inherited group of neuromus

Cytochrome c oxidase encoded by multiple mitochondrial genes (COXI, COXII, and COXIII) and nuclear genes is an essential component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of molecular oxygen by reduced cytochrome c. Subunits COXI and COXII of cytochrome c oxidase are known to play the most essential role in proton pumping and electron transfer. In this study we screened

Street lighting is an essential feature of pedestrian paths that may increase the amount of walking. This study aimed to identify associations between perceived lighting qualities, and experience of the lit environment and performance of critical tasks. In a full-scale laboratory 89 participants walked along a pedestrian path with three different outdoor lighting applications (CDM and LEDs). After

To facilitate the justification of an X-ray or nuclear medicine investigation and for informing patients, it is desirable that the individual patient's radiation dose and potential cancer risk can be prospectively assessed and documented. The current dose-reporting is based on effective dose, which ignores body size and does not reflect the strong dependence of risk on the age at exposure. Risk es