Aims/hypothesis To develop a prediction model that can predict HbA1c levels after six years in the non-diabetic general population, including previously used readily available predictors. Methods Data from 5,762 initially non-diabetic subjects from three population-based cohorts (Hoorn Study, Inter99, KORA S4/F4) were combined to predict HbA1c levels at six year follow-up. Using backward selection

This paper investigates the causal effect of monetary policy on economic activity in the United Kingdom between 1890 and 1913. Based on the Romer and Romer (2004) narrative identification approach, I find that following a one percentage point monetary tightening, unemployment rose by 0.8 percentage points, while inflation fell by 2.7 percentage points. In addition, monetary policy shocks accounted

In boreal bogs plant species are low in number, but they differ greatly in their growth forms and photosynthetic properties. We assessed how ecosystem carbon (C) sink dynamics were affected by seasonal variations in the photosynthetic rate and leaf area of different species. Photosynthetic properties (light response parameters), leaf area development and areal cover (abundance) of the species were

HAMLET (Human Alpha-lactalbumin Made LEthal to Tumor cells) is a tumoricidal protein-lipid complex with broad effects against cancer cells of different origin. The therapeutic potential is emphasized by a high degree of specificity for tumor tissue. Here we review early studies of HAMLET, in collaboration with the Orrenius laboratory, and some key features of the subsequent development of the HAML

Effect of loading rate on cleavage failure probability for ferritic/martensitic steels using Weibull stress analysis is studied. Calibration of Weibull slope for two grades of fusion reactor blanket steels namely, Indian Reduced Activation Ferritic/Martensitic Steel referred as In-RAFMS, F 82H and a non fusion grade modified 9Cr-1Mo steel (P91) are performed for the first time. The calibrated valu

BACKGROUND: We previously identified dermicidin (DCD), which encodes a growth and survival factor, as a gene amplified and overexpressed in a subset of breast tumors. Patients with DCD-positive breast cancer have worse prognostic features. We therefore searched for specific molecular signatures in DCD-positive breast carcinomas from patients and representative cell lines.METHODS: DCD expression wa

BACKGROUND: Cachexia is a wasting condition that manifests in several types of cancer, and the main characteristic is the profound loss of muscle mass.METHODS: The Yoshida AH-130 tumor model has been used and the samples have been analyzed using transmission electronic microscopy, real-time PCR and Western blot techniques.RESULTS: Using in vivo cancer cachectic model in rats, here we show that ske

Semiconductor nanowires are versatile building blocks for optoelectronic devices, in part because nanowires offer an increased freedom in material design due to relaxed constraints on lattice matching during the epitaxial growth. This enables the growth of ternary alloy nanowires in which the bandgap is tunable over a large energy range, desirable for optoelectronic devices. However, little is kno

This paper examines the conduct and the effects of Swedish monetary policy in the 1930's. Three major conclusions emerge from the study: (1) The conduct of monetary policy specifically the devaluation of the Swedish currency in 1931 and the subsequent program of price stabilization, had a major effect on the aggregative behavior of the Swedish economy in the 1930's. (2) The impact of the new fisca

The purpose of this paper is to study the determination of annual changes in the money wage rate and in the price level in Sweden during the period 1922–1971. We have chosen to examine such a long span of years in order to make comparisons between various time periods and to investigate to what extent a given set of explanatory variables can account for the movements in wages and prices during the

The price of raw material, energy demand in the pretreatment step, and enzyme usage rate are the major cost factors in the process of converting biomass to bioethanol. Unwashed furfural residues (FRs) possess great potential for application in bioethanol production. Surfactant addition is an effective method to enhance the fermentation rate. In this study, unwashed FRs were used directly as raw ma

Quadratic optimization subject to linear constraints is a fundamental building-block in many other branches of applied mathematics. However, for large-scale systems, where a common global objective function is neither naturally defined nor easily computable, it is natural to view economic equilibrium theory as an alternative approach to design and analysis. Stability and robustness of equilibria c

In this article four new ternary phases of RE7Co2Ge4 (RE = La-Nd) are reported. They were synthesized by a solid-state reaction of the elements at high temperature, and their crystal structures were investigated by single crystal X-ray diffraction data. The isostructural phases crystallize in a new monoclinic structure type, space group P21/c, Z = 4, Pearson code mP52, and Wyckoff sequence e13. Th

We present a generalized theory and experimental results of the action signals induced by the absorption of two photons from two phase-modulated laser beams. In our experiment, the phases of the laser beams are modulated at the frequencies φ1 and φ2, respectively. Their collinear combination leads to the modulation of the total intensity at the frequency φ=φ2-φ1. The action signals, such as photol

We discuss whether the enhancement in the diphoton final state at Mgg = 750 GeV, observed recently by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations could be a neutral pseudoscalar technipion π∼0. We considered two distinct minimal models for the dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking. Here we concentrate only on two-flavor vector-like technicolor model and we assume that the two-photon fusion is a dominant pr

This paper estimates the influence that rural-to-urban commuting has on rural employment growth, and whether the strength and spatial reach of this effect depend on commuters' levels of education. A main finding is that rural-to-urban commuting has a robust positive impact on rural employment growth in services and retail. There is no significant difference in how far these effects reach into rura