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The idea that sex-differences in selection drive the evolution of suppressed recombination between sex chromosomes is well-developed in population genetics. Yet, despite a now classic body of theory, empirical evidence that sexually antagonistic (SA) selection drives the evolution of recombination arrest remains equivocal and alternative hypotheses underdeveloped. Here, we investigate whether the

BACKGROUND: The implementation of COVID-19 vaccination among older persons at nursing homes has lowered the infection-associated mortality considerably, but emerging virus variants and decline in vaccine-induced immunity over time necessitate examination of future booster dosing strategies. The overall aim of this study was to assess vaccine protection against COVID-19 mortality in relation to tim

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of how emblems wereused on Swedish royal medals and commemorative coins duringthe seventeenth century, a period marked by the rise of the SwedishEmpire. Focusing on numismatic objects that thematize royalsuccession and coronations, it focuses on how emblems were utilizedacross multiple monarchs, touching on the origin of the emblems andhow the use of em

Background and objective Breathlessness is associated with higher rates of unplanned health service utilisation. We aimed to evaluate any associations between the severity of breathlessness limiting exertion (hereafter breathlessness), time between breathlessness recording and subsequent unplanned hospital admissions, and length of stay. Methods A retrospective cohort study of adults seen in gener

This thesis is a collection of four experimental studies, three of which were preregistered, concerning the effects of French gender-fair forms on mental representations of gender and on processing in reading among adult L1 speakers of French. In study I (n = 1,018), the participants were presented with role nouns (such as actors) and asked to estimate the gender ratios in each group. Participants

With solar projects worldwide expected to expand rapidly, understanding the ecosystem impacts is vital. Recent work highlights that optimizing land use strategies can significantly enhance carbon sequestration in the hosting ecosystem, making them a more effective tool in combating climate change.

The astronomical observations and calculations made at the lunar eclipse of 18 November 1584 in Mexico are analyzed with emphasis on the methods and calculations used. The observations were intended to determine the geographical longitude difference between Mexico City and Seville in Spain but due to several errors, the most important one being using the wrong time for the end of the eclipse in Se

We analyze and compare the structure of two tables, the tables of al-Khwārizmī and George Peurbach’s Tabulae Eclypsium, looking at the syzygy angular velocities of the Sun and the Moon and the angular radii of the Sun, the Moon and the lunar eclipse umbra. We show that part of the underlying structure has a mediaeval Indian origin. Finally, we compare recomputed tables with Peurbach’s tables.

Background: Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not i

Nickel (Ni) is the key component in ohmic contacts for Mg-doped p-GaN, but the detailed formation mechanisms of the ohmic contact have not yet been understood. In this work, the effect of potassium hydroxide (KOH)-based chemical treatment on the surface of p-GaN is investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and low-energy electron diffraction (L

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes1,2 and molecular mechanisms that are often specific to cell type3,4. Here, to characterize the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% not of European ancestry), including 428,452 cases

Among the many approaches to improve the performance of lithium-metal batteries, ternary polyethylene oxide/ionic liquid/lithium salt electrolytes offer several advantages such as low flammability, high conductivity (vs. polyethylene oxide/lithium salt electrolytes) and, to a large extent, limiting the growth of dendrites at moderate currents. However, they suffer from relatively low mechanic

The largest reservoir of carbon in protoplanetary discs is stored in refractory organics, which thermally decompose into the gas phase at the organics line located well into the interior of the water iceline. Because this region is so close to the host star, it is often assumed that the released gaseous material is rapidly accreted and has little effect on the evolution of the disc composition. Ho

We consider a shape optimization based method for finding the best interpolation data in the compression of images with noise. The aim is to reconstruct missing regions by means of minimizing a data fitting term in an Lp-norm, for 1 ⩽ p < + ∞, between original images and their reconstructed counterparts using linear diffusion PDE-based inpainting. Reformulating the problem as a constrained optimiz

We propose a machine learning-enhanced chemistry coordinate mapping (CCM) method that accelerates the integration of detailed chemical kinetics in reactive flow simulations by grouping chemically similar computational cells into clusters/zones within a low-dimensional latent space. Unlike original CCM methods that rely on manually selecting latent variables, our approach automatically discovers co

(Graph Presented) In the search for new cathode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries, conversion-type materials have great potential because of their ability to achieve high specific capacities via the full utilization of transition metal oxidation states. Here, we report for the first time that copper phosphate can be used as a novel high-capacity cathode for rechargeable Li batteries, ca

A Na2MnPO4F/C nanocomposite material is successfully synthesized via spray drying, followed by a high-temperature sintering method. It is shown that the highly phase-pure Na2MnPO4F with symmetry of the P21/n space group is uniformly embedded in the carbon networks, which play a key role in building up a highly efficient, electron-flow channel and elevating the electronic conductivity of the nanoco

Facilitated CO stripping: Partial metallization of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) by electroreduction in the molten, eutectic mixture of CaCl2 and NaCl at 600 °C produces nano- and submicro-sized Ti2O and CaδTiOx (perovskites, x/× δ 2) that can significantly promote the catalytic activity of Pt NPs towards the oxidation of CO and CH3OH in acidic solutions