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Artificial intelligence through machine learning is increasingly used in the digital society. Solutions based on machine learning bring both great opportunities, thus coined “Software 2.0,” but also great challenges for the engineering community to tackle. Due to the experimental approach used by data scientists when developing machine learning models, agility is an essential characteristic. In th
We exploit a large historical shock to the Danish labour market to provide evidence of how restrictions on labour mobility increase monopsony power and thereby reduce wages. By severely limiting the possibility of the rural population to work beyond their place of birth, the reintroduction of serfdom in 1733 aimed to increase monopsony power and secure cheaper labour in the countryside. Using a un
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in children. Studies of the immunopathogenesis in JIA has mainly focused on the adaptive immune system, while less is known of the role of the monocytes. JIA is considered a chronic disease, although only about 50% of participants in long-term follow-up studies have active disease as adults. The treatment arsenal for JIA has
Environmental disasters, and especially floods, are among today's biggest sustainability challenges. The number and intensity of floods are increasing, challenging current governance approaches. Governments worldwide are looking to diversify their flood risk management and adaptation strategies, among others, by increasing resident involvement in flood risk governance. Such involvement of individu
IntroductionChildren affected by Paediatric Feeding Disorder (PFD) cannot consume enough nourishment by mouth. PFD is highly prevalent and can affect the child's growth and development as well as family life.AimTo illuminate Swedish parents’ experiences of living with a child with PFD.MethodSemi-structured interviews via telephone or video calls were conducted with 14 purposefully recruited mother
Although established forms of peer review are often criticized for being slow, secretive, and even unfair, they are repeatedly mentioned by academics as the most important indicator of quality in scholarly publishing. In many countries, the peer review of books is a less codified practice than that of journal articles or conference papers, and the processes and actors involved are far from uniform
Background: To pursue high quality research, successful participant recruitment is essential, but recruitment rates are often low. This is specifically true in target populations with impairments, for instance, among stroke survivors. Previous studies focusing on recruitment have mainly relied on information from professionals, and there is therefore a need to contribute with new methodological in
Background: The aim is to identify trajectories of precarious employment (PE) over time in Sweden to examine associations of these with the subsequent risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Methods: This is a nation-wide register-based cohort study of 1,583,957 individuals aged 40 to 61 years old residing in Sweden between 2003-2007. Trajectories of PE as a multidimensional construct and s
The optimal control of a water reservoir system represents a challenging problem, due to uncertain hydrologic inputs and the need to adapt to changing environment and varying control objectives. In this work, we propose a real-time learning-based control strategy based on a hierarchical predictive control architecture. Two control loops are implemented: the inner loop is aimed to make the overall
In this paper, we present a study of Swedish inhabitants' preferences for distribution in three dimensions in the context of transport investments. Using choice experiments, we study the respondents' preferences for the distribution of benefits in the geographical, gender, and income dimension in relation to aggregate benefits. We find that they have quite strong preferences for equality in all di
This thesis covers three contributions in applications of neural networks. The first is related to diversity and ensemble learning, while the other two cover novel applications of the self-attention mechanism. An important aspect of training a neural network is the choice of objective function. Regression via Classification (RvC) is often used to tackle problems in deep learning where the target vThis thesis covers three contributions in applications of neural networks. The first is related to diversity and ensemble learning, while the other two cover novel applications of the self-attention mechanism. An important aspect of training a neural network is the choice of objective function. Regression via Classification (RvC) is often used to tackle problems in deep learning where the target v
This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the long-term survival and prognostic factors in patients with metastatic small intestine neuroendocrine tumors (siNETs). Patients with siNETs usually present with advanced disease, limiting curative treatment options. The overall survival seems favorable compared to other cancers, but differences in terminology, lack of consistent coding, conflicting results fr
International collaboration is clearly a key priority in higher education andresearch (HER) policy and practice. The competition for students and excellentresearch and teaching staff is now a global one and this is reflected inthe increasing salience of phenomena such as the Shanghai and Times HigherEducation Rankings for monitoring the performance of HER institutions. Thischapter takes its point
Diffusion encoding with free gradient waveforms can provide increased microstructural specificity in heterogeneous tissues compared to conventional encoding approaches. This is achieved by considering specific aspects of encoding, such as b-tensor shape, sensitivity to bulk motion and to time-dependent diffusion (TDD). In tensor-valued encoding, different b-tensor shapes are used, such as in linea
