NG2 cells, a fourth glial cell type in the adult mammalian central nervous system, produce oligodendrocytes in the healthy nervous tissue, and display wide differentiation potential under pathological conditions, where they could give rise to reactive astrocytes. The factors that control the differentiation of NG2 cells after focal cerebral ischemia (FCI) are largely unknown. Here, we used transge

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most serious human, medical, and socioeconomic burdens. Here we tested the hypothesis that a rat model of AD (Samaritan; Taconic Pharmaceuticals, USA) based on the application of amyloid beta42 (Abeta42) and the pro-oxidative substances ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and L-buthionine-(S, R)-sulfoximine, will exhibit cognitive deficits and disruption of the glut

This thesis contains two studies focusing on motivation in learning and teaching French as a foreign language in Sweden. In the first study, the effect of three specifically designed pedagogical activities on learners’ Ideal French Self (IFrS) and Intended Effort (IE) was examined in a group of 15-year-old Swedish pupils. No significant difference could be found between the two intervention classe

EU-rätten har på flera områden lett till förändringar av den svenska lagstiftningen, men samtidigt ger EU-rätten stort och outnyttjat handlingsutrymme för de enskilda nationerna. Exempel på sådana utrymmen är bostadspolitiken och regelverket för offentlig upphandling. Ett klarläggande av vilket handlingsutrymme som faktiskt föreligger är av stor betydelse för analysen av vilket utrymme som finns a

The European Union (EU) has been entrusted with rather weak powers as regards industrial policy. On top of this, its Member States are prevented from pursuing a national industrial policy with monetary elements as this may distort competition within the EU internal market. At the same time, European companies compete in the global market with state-supported companies from other economically stron

Every cell is surrounded by a thin plasma membrane, protecting it from its surrounding. Specialized protein channels and transporters are embedded in this membrane, ensuring selective transport of molecules in and out of the cells. To maintain optimal hydration, water channels called aquaporins (AQPs) are present in every cell of our body. Thirteen isoforms of aquaporins exist in humans of which t

Facklig medlemsutveckling och organisationsgrad i Sverige, med utblickar till andra länder.

I bokens tredje kapitel analyserar Stefan Larsson etiska riktlinjer som styrmedel för utveckling och användning av artificiell intelligens (ai). Författaren pekar på riktlinjernas samspel med rättsliga styrmedel och undersöker vad det är med AI-utvecklingen som särart som lett till att etiska frågor fått en så framskjutande plats med en sådan bred flora av riktlinjer. Genom att anlägga ett europei

CD47 is known to play an important role in CD4+ T cell homeostasis. We recently reported a reduction in mice deficient in the Cd47 gene (Cd47-/-) CD4+ T cell adhesion and transendothelial migration (TEM) in vivo and in vitro as a result of impaired expression of high-affinity forms of LFA-1 and VLA-4 integrins. A prior study concluded that Cd47-/- mice were resistant to experimental autoimmune enc

Dendritic cells (DCs) have been implicated as important regulators of innate and adaptive inflammation in many diseases, including atherosclerosis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which DCs mitigate or promote inflammatory pathogenesis are only partially understood. Previous studies have shown an important anti-inflammatory role for the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) in reg

Objective - T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (Tim) proteins are expressed by numerous immune cells, recognize phosphatidylserine on apoptotic cells, and function as costimulators or coinhibitors. Tim-1 is expressed by activated T cells but is also found on dendritic cells and B cells. Tim-4, present on macrophages and dendritic cells, plays a critical role in apoptotic cell clearance, regula

This article closely analyses mutual recognition as a justification for EU legislative activity in the field of domestic criminal procedure. By looking at the structure, wording and purpose of the Treaties, the article first discusses the proper interpretation of the mutual recognition criterion in Article 82(2) TFEU. It argues for a narrow construction of Article 82(2) TFEU, suggesting that the e

Food is an essential part of our daily lives, but simultaneously, it is a major contributor to environmental issues. The growing world population and changing diets are expected to further exacerbate the negative impact of food production and consumption. This article explores how suffciency business strategies, focused on moderating consumption levels, can be implemented in the food industry to c

Buttermilk (BM) has recently received much attention as a source of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) due to its high polar lipid (PL) content, which gives it functional properties and health benefits. Nevertheless BM can be obtained from two different technological processes, i) the BM from the butter oil industry (BM1) and ii) BM from the butter manufacture (BM2). Neutral lipids (NL) and PL chara

Impaired glucose metabolism and mitochondrial decay greatly increase with age, when cognitive decline becomes rampant. No pharmacological or dietary intervention has proven effective, but proper diet and lifestyle do postpone the onset of neurodegeneration and some nutrients are being investigated. We studied insulin signaling, mitochondrial activity and biogenesis, and synaptic signaling in the h