Birds fly with different objectives at different times of the annual cycle. For example, when migrating the objective may be to minimize energy cost per unit distance covered or increase the maximum overall speed of migration. A foraging bird flying between food patches may choose to fly at a speed that maximizes the overall food intake rate, while during a display flight the objective is likely t

Flight behaviours of birds have been extensively studied from different angles such as their kinematics, aerodynamics and, more generally, their migration patterns. Nevertheless, much is still unknown about the daily foraging flight activity and behaviour of breeding birds, and potential differences among males and females. The recent development of miniaturized accelerometers allows us a glimpse

Background and Aims: Crohn's disease (CD) is associated with a disturbed intestinal barrier. Permeability studies have focused on inert molecules, but little is known about transepithelial transport of macromolecules with antigenic potential in humans. The aim of this study was to quantify permeation and to characterize passage routes for macromolecules in ileal mucosa in CD. Methods: Noninflamed

The partition of 125I-labelled pancreatic trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase between the inhibitors, α2-macroglobulin f and s, α1-protease inhibitor, α2-antitrypsin, inter-α-trypsin inhibitor and the specific sow colostrum protease inhibitor, was studied in vitro by gradually increasing the concentration of these proteases in blood serum from adult and newborn pigs. As revealed by immunoelectropho

Objective: To evaluate the barrier properties of intestinal mucosa chronically exposed to urine and to evaluate possible differences between ileal and colonic segments used in the reconstruction of the urinary tract. Materials and methods: Mucosal specimens from patients with continent reservoirs with an abdominal stoma, or orthotopic neobladders constructed from colonic segments, were obtained at

1. 1. Endogenous phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitors in human plasma and in plasma from the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) were demonstrated. 2. 2. The PLA2 activity increased 45-fold in human plasma when a PLA2 binding factor was removed. Furthermore, two peaks of PLA2 inhibitory activity were found after DEAE-chromatography. 3. 3. High levels of PLA2 inhibitory activity was found in plasma from t

Substantial progress has been made in understanding the rate, the pathways, and the mechanisms regulating alveolar protein removal from the uninjured lung. Whole animal studies and cellular studies have demonstrated that the majority of alveolar epithelial protein clearance occurs by passive nondegradative diffusional pathways. Some evidence, however, has been recently presented that alveolar epit

The possible role of CORTISOL in development of the exocrine pancreas was investigated. In the first study, fetal pigs were removed from the uterus by caesarean section (pentobarbitone anesthesia) and the pancreas collected from 51 69 to 109-day-old fetuses (term = 114 ± 2 days). Of these, 15 88 to 90-day-old fetuses had been infused subcutaneously for 6 days with either saline, adrenocorticotropi

A comparative study of antibacterial activity of pancreatic juice was conduced on six mammalian species. Pancreatic juice collections were conducted as acute (rabbit, guinea pig, rat) and chronic (pig, sheep, cattle) experiments, in the former before and after stimulation [cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin] and in the latter under basal conditions alone. Antibacterial activity was tested on Micro

Due to the increasing share of older people worldwide, the United Nations has directed an initiative towards a "decade of healthy ageing" to promote "age-friendly environments". This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of how to promote social participation and everyday mobility in later life. The ambition is to increase the knowledge about how to create more age-friendly environments and soDue to the increasing share of older people worldwide, the United Nations has directed an initiative towards a "decade of healthy ageing" to promote "age-friendly environments". This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of how to promote social participation and everyday mobility in later life. The ambition is to increase the knowledge about how to create more age-friendly environments and so

The regional small intestinal permeability to the vasopressin analogue desmopressin (dDAVP) was further characterized in proximal jejunal and distal (ileocecal) segments of the rat. Administration of the peptide to closed small intestinal loops confirmed the existence of regional absorption differences also in vivo in rats. Thus, the extent of absorption was about 4 times as high from the ileoceca

Abstract: The biliary excretion of the vasopressin analogue 1‐deamino‐8‐D‐arginine vasopressin (dDAVP) was determined in the pig after three administration routes, intrajugular venous, intraportal venous and intraduodenal. In all cases the biliary excretion was less than 1% of the administered dose. The plasma/bile concentration ratio was less than 1:1. A significant first‐pass effect was found wh

The present investigation characterized the effect of red kidney bean lectin exposure on gut maturation and function in young piglets. Eleven suckling pigs were given by stomach tube a crude red kidney bean lectin preparation (containing about 25% lectin, 400 mg/kg BW) (lectin-treated pigs) at 10, 11, and 12 d of life, and an additional 16 pigs (control pigs) were given saline instead. On the next

Previous experiments by our group have demonstrated that total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in rats increases the gut permeability to FITC-dextran 70,000 when compared to normally fed controls. TPN may thus, by inducing a 'leaky' gut be one co-factor behind the development of 'gut origin sepsis', a recent hypothesis for the development of multiple organ failure (MOF) in patients subjected to severe

The developmental changes in the ability of the small intestinal epithelium to take up and transfer into blood the macromolecules bovine serum albumin (BSA), bovine immunoglobulin G (BIgG), and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran 70,000 (FITC-dextran) were studied in guinea pigs 0-14 days of age. In addition, in the same animals, the activities of the proteases ca-thepsin B and D within the

We report the presence of platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether; l-0-alkyl-2-acetyl-.v«-glycero-3-phosphocholine) in small-intestinal and colonic mucosa of neonatal rats. The PAF-acether content was higher in the colon than in the small intestine, and was lower in the small intestine of 30-day-old animals than in 14-day-old animals. We also report that cultured intestinal epithelial cells (INT 4