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Mutational Processes Molding the Genomes of 21 Breast Cancers

All cancers carry somatic mutations. The patterns of mutation in cancer genomes reflect the DNA damage and repair processes to which cancer cells and their precursors have been exposed. To explore these mechanisms further, we generated catalogs of somatic mutation from 21 breast cancers and applied mathematical methods to extract mutational signatures of the underlying processes. Multiple distinct

miQ - a novel microRNA based diagnostic and prognostic tool for prostate cancer.

Today, the majority of prostate tumours are detected at early stages with uncertain prognosis. Therefore, we set out to identify early predictive markers of prostate cancer with aggressive progression characteristics. We measured the expression of microRNAs (miRNA) using qRT-PCR in FFPE prostatic tissue samples from a Swedish cohort of 49 patients with prostate cancer and 25 without cancer and fou

Modeling of continuous dynamic recrystallization in commercial-purity aluminum

A constitutive model for polycrystalline metals is established within a micromechanical framework. The inelastic deformation is defined by the formation and annihilation of dislocations together with grain refinement due to continuous dynamic recrystallization. The recrystallization studied here occurs due to plastic deformation without the aid of elevated temperatures. The grain refinement also i

Regular-to-Chaotic Tunneling Rates: From the Quantum to the Semiclassical Regime

We derive a prediction of dynamical tunneling rates from regular to chaotic phase-space regions combining the direct regular-to-chaotic tunneling mechanism in the quantum regime with an improved resonance-assisted tunneling theory in the semiclassical regime. We give a qualitative recipe for identifying the relevance of nonlinear resonances in a given h regime. For systems with one or multiple dom

Turbulent flux observations and modelling over a shallow lake and a wet grassland in the Nam Co basin, Tibetan Plateau

The Tibetan Plateau plays an important role in the global water cycle and is strongly influenced by climate change. While energy and matter fluxes have been more intensely studied over land surfaces, a large proportion of lakes have either been neglected or parameterised with simple bulk approaches. Therefore, turbulent fluxes were measured over wet grassland and a shallow lake with a single eddy-

Mechanistic modelling of drug release from polymer-coated and swelling and dissolving polymer matrix systems.

The time required for the design of a new delivery device can be sensibly reduced if the release mechanism is understood and an appropriate mathematical model is used to characterize the system. Once all the model parameters are obtained, in silico experiments can be performed, to provide estimates of the release from devices with different geometries and compositions. In this review coated and ma

Synergy between DNA polymerases increases polymerase chain reaction inhibitor tolerance in forensic DNA analysis.

The success rate of diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis is lowered by inhibitory substances present in the samples. Recently, we showed that tolerance to PCR inhibitors in crime scene saliva stains can be improved by replacing the standard DNA polymerase AmpliTaq Gold with alternative DNA polymerase-buffer systems (Hedman et al., BioTechniques 47 (2009) 951-958). Here we show that

Binding and activation of plasminogen at the surface of Fusobacterium necrophorum.

Fusobacterium necrophorum is a gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium, which has been suggested to be a normal inhabitant of the oral flora. In rare cases, it can invade the tonsils and deeper tissues, causing the serious condition Lemièrre's syndrome. Recruitment of host plasminogen is a well-known bacterial virulence mechanism, and plasmin activity at the bacterial surface is thought to be important

Palynostratigraphy of dinosaur footprint-bearing deposits from the Triassic-Jurassic boundary interval of Sweden

The Triassic-Jurassic boundary (c. 200Ma) marks one of the five largest Phanerozoic mass extinction events and is characterized by a major turnover in biotas. A palynological study of sedimentary rock slabs bearing dinosaur footprints from Rhaeto-Hettangian strata of Skane, Sweden was carried out. The theropod dinosaur footprints (Kayentapus soltykovensis) derive from the southern part of the aban

Functioning Numbness Instead of Feelings as a Direction : Young Adults’ Experiences of Antidepressant Use

In this article we explore, through in-depth interviews, young adults’ experiences of depression and antidepressant use in contemporary neoliberal society. We show that medication initially brings relief and an ability to function. However, in the longer perspective the dominating experience of antidepressants is emotional numbness. We suggest that this functioning yet numb subject is well suited

Loss of Dystrophin and β-Sarcoglycan, Respectively, Significantly Exacerbates the Phenotype of Laminin α2 Chain-Deficient Animals.

The adhesion molecule laminin α2 chain interacts with the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, contributes to normal muscle function, and protects skeletal muscles from damage. Complete loss of the laminin α2 chain in mice results in a severe muscular dystrophy phenotype and death at approximately 3 weeks of age. However, it is not clear if the remaining members of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex

Inhibition of Polyamine Formation Antagonizes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Preserves the Contractile Phenotype.

The polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine play essential roles in cell proliferation and migration, two processes involved in the development of vascular disease. Thus, intervention with polyamine formation may represent a way to inhibit unwanted vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. The aim of the present study was to assess the importance of polyamines for VSMC proliferation

Genetic variation in the moss Homalothecium lutescens in relation to habitat age and structure

Relationships between genetic (allozyme) variation and landscape age and structure were investigated in 17 calcareous grassland demes of the moss Homalothecium lutescens (Hedw.) H. Rob. on the Baltic island of Oland. Mean within-deme gene diversity (H-S = 0.152) was moderate compared with other bryophyte studies, and the between-deme proportion of the total diversity (G(ST) = 0.100, Jost's D = 0.0