Trajectory Analysis of the Four-Year Changes in Body Composition and Bone Mineral Characteristics Among Highly Competitive Male University Long-Distance Runners
Objectives: This study examined long-term changes in body composition and bone mineral characteristics among male long-distance runners from a high-profile university team, focusing on concerns about impaired musculoskeletal development due to extreme leanness and weight management practices in this population. Methods: Trajectory analyses were performed using multilevel modeling of 608 dual-energ