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Aβ deposition is associated with increases in soluble and phosphorylated tau that precede a positive Tau PET in Alzheimer's disease

The links between β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau in Alzheimer's disease are unclear. Cognitively unimpaired persons with signs of Aβ pathology had increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphorylated tau (P-tau181 and P-tau217) and total-tau (T-tau), which increased over time, despite no detection of insoluble tau aggregates [normal Tau positron emission tomography (PET)]. CSF P-tau and T-tau started to inc

Whole-genome analysis across 10 songbird families within Sylvioidea reveals a novel autosome-sex chromosome fusion

Sex chromosomes in birds have long been considered to be extremely stable. However, this notion has lately been challenged by findings of independent autosome-sex chromosome fusions within songbirds, several of which occur within a single clade, the superfamily Sylvioidea. To understand what ecological and evolutionary processes drive changes in sex chromosome systems, we need complete description

Oviposition pattern and behaviour of the pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer (Hymenoptera Diprionidae)

The potential role of oviposition deterrents in the egglaying behaviour of Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) females was studied by investigation of natural egg distribution, and by a laboratory study of potential oviposition deterrents. Pine shoots were sampled from different whorls on the sun-exposed and the shaded side of trees. More shoots with eggs from two or more females were found than would

GaN nanowires as probes for high resolution atomic force and scanning tunneling microscopy

GaN nanowires are potential candidates for use in scanning probe microscopy due to their well-defined, reproducible, geometric shapes, their hardness, and their light guiding properties. We have developed and investigated probes for high resolution atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy utilizing GaN nanowires as probes. The nanowires are n-doped and the morphology of the nanowi

An electrochemical cell for 2-dimensional surface optical reflectance during anodization and cyclic voltammetry

We have developed an electrochemical cell for in situ 2-Dimensional Surface Optical Reflectance (2D-SOR) studies during anodization and cyclic voltammetry. The 2D-SOR signal was recorded from electrodes made of polycrystalline Al, Au(111), and Pt(100) single crystals. The changes can be followed at a video rate acquisition frequency of 200 Hz and demonstrate a strong contrast between oxidizing and

Physicochemical characterisation of KEIF€-the intrinsically disordered N-terminal region of magnesium transporter A

Magnesium transporter A (MgtA) is an active transporter responsible for importing magnesium ions into the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells. This study focuses on the peptide corresponding to the intrinsically disordered N-terminal region of MgtA, referred to as KEIF. Primary-structure and bioinformatic analyses were performed, followed by studies of the undisturbed single chain using a combination o

Monobutyrin and monovalerin affect brain short-chain fatty acid profiles and tight-junction protein expression in apoe-knockout rats fed high-fat diets

Monobutyrin (MB) and monovalerin (MV), esters of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have previously been shown to reduce liver cholesterol and inflammation in conventional rats fed high-fat diets. This study explored the potential effects of MB and MV in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-/-) rats. ApoE-/-rats were fed three high-fat (HF) diets, pure or supplemented with MB or MV (

Diprionyl esters attractive to males of the dailing pine sawfly Neodiprion dailingensis Xiao et Zhou (Hym., Diprionidae) in north-eastern China

The attraction of male Neodiprion dailingensis Xiao et Zhou to pheromone substances identified from other Neodiprion species was tested in plantations of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. in Liaoning Province in north-eastern China. Both the acetate and propionate of (2S,3S,7S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-pentadecanol (diprionol) were highly attractive. An addition of 10% of the (2S,3R,7R)-isomer did not significantly

Compression Treatment of Breast Edema : A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Background: Patients treated for breast cancer with breast conserving surgery and radiotherapy (RT) often complain about swelling, heaviness, and pain in the treated breast. This pilot study was undertaken to examine if compression therapy was effective as an early treatment to reduce breast edema and symptoms assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Methods and Results: Fifty-six breast cancer-tr

Hawkmoth lamina monopolar cells act as dynamic spatial filters to optimize vision at different light levels

How neural form and function are connected is a central question of neuroscience. One prominent functional hypothesis, from the beginnings of neuroanatomical study, states that laterally extending dendrites of insect lamina monopolar cells (LMCs) spatially integrate visual information. We provide the first direct functional evidence for this hypothesis using intracellular recordings from type II L

Numerical study of heat transfer in gravity-driven particle flow around tubes with different shapes

In the present paper, the heat transfer of gravity-driven dense particle flow around five different shapes of tubes is numerically studied using discrete element method (DEM). The velocity vector, particle contact number, particle contact time and heat transfer coefficient of particle flow at different particle zones around the tube are carefully analyzed. The results show that the effect of tube

Eosinophils, basophils, and type 2 immune microenvironments in COPD-affected lung tissue

Although elevated blood or sputum eosinophils are present in many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), uncertainties remain regarding the anatomical distribution pattern of lung-infiltrating eosinophils. Basophils have remained virtually unexplored in COPD. This study mapped tissue-infiltrating eosinophils, basophils, and eosinophil-promoting immune mechanisms in COPD-affect

Effects of nanodomains on local and long-range phase transitions in perovskite-type Eu0.8Ca0.2TiO3–δ

The determination of reversible phase transitions in the perovskite-type thermoelectric oxide Eu0.8Ca0.2TiO3–δ is fundamental, since structural changes largely affect the thermal and electrical transport properties. The phase transitions were characterized by heat capacity measurements, Rietveld refinements, and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of the diffraction data to achieve informati

An integrative phenotype–genotype approach using phenotypic characteristics from the UAE national diabetes study identifies HSD17B12 as a candidate gene for obesity and type 2 diabetes

The United Arab Emirates National Diabetes and Lifestyle Study (UAEDIAB) has identified obesity, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, and dyslipidemia as common phenotypic characteristics correlated with diabetes mellitus status. As these phenotypes are usually linked with genetic variants, we hypothesized that these phenotypes share single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-clusters that can be used

HER2-specific pseudomonas exotoxin a pe25 based fusions : Influence of targeting domain on target binding, toxicity, and in vivo biodistribution

The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a clinically validated target for cancer therapy, and targeted therapies are often used in regimens for patients with a high HER2 expression level. Despite the success of current drugs, a number of patients succumb to their disease, which motivates development of novel drugs with other modes of action. We have previously shown that an albumin